Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television(TRT) Research Paper

Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television(TRT) - Research Paper Example They include, TRT 1 (general), TRT 2 (culture and art) and TRT 3 (youth channel with sports and music programs and live broadcasts from the Turkish National Grand Assembly at definite hours). All together the paper focuses on the television news power discourse that is state-owned, significantly presenting an essentialist image of identity which does not echo the complexity of the members of the public it claims to describe. This research addresses the power of the media, through a number of practices in the selected 3 recent television news broadcast in TRT which clearly shows that TRT is not an objective television, it is serving for the power not public, not free from bias. This is for the purposes of expanding the boundaries for enclosure of the members of the public. Introduction In the present day, there is need to gather, formulate information on the regulation, ownership, accessibility, performance in addition to projections for creating broadcast amendments. The significant factor for undertaking this research is to contribute to the Turkish consolidation. Many nations have made significant achievements in creating democratic systems of governance based on popular control of the media and whereby members of the public are provided with information without bias. ... Such amendments arise from developing global standards on the subject of media and news media particularly. In its straightforward definition of public broadcasting service is a broadcaster that provides services to the members of the public entirely and is responsible to the members of the public in general. In spite of that, in most scenarios the term public broadcaster is in actual fact regarded as a state broadcaster. This research targets to enable the process of giving support to turning of TRT (Turkish Radyo and Television) into public broadcasters worthy of the name. The research on Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television (TRT) begins from the hypothesis that growth and democracy cannot succeed devoid of open and free public space where all factors concerning lives of the members of an audience can be made public and debated. This means that the members of the public can get a chance to play a role in making decisions in the society and the country at larg e via TRT. According to Amartya Sen, a Nobel Prize Laureate, democracy is â€Å"governance by dialogue†. Sen describes democracy as implemented by the media as governing by means of dialogue where broadcasters are ideally placed to make this dialogue process possible by offering the space for it. This is based on whether their services are available, self-regulating, and reliable and open to the complete range of varying views (Hampton & Roemer, 21). Subsequent to this hypothesis, the significant goal of this research is to find out whether and to what extent news broadcasting on TRT can and do create this kind of free public space with distinctive focus given to the selected 3 recent

What makes your workplace work well Essay Example for Free

What makes your workplace work well Essay Nowadays, we live in an extremely large and intricate world which is mainly characterized by a wide variety of continuous and unpredictable changes. With that, there are factors that would affects work in every way, either advantages and disadvantages to people and workplace. No one can deny that whenever a person look for a job, whatever work it is, they think of what the future holds for them . Primarily, financial stability is the most essential of all. If the salary is not adequate to live each day and to meet the demands of the person and be able to prosper and enjoy life, then that individual is not satisfied. Secondarily, the benefits that the employee receive from the organization, the role and responsibility and personal interest of the employee towards work and working environment is also essential. Like for example, the lack of manpower and teamwork that is unfriendly colleagues will result to conflicts, miscommunications and misunderstandings does makes it more exhausting and stressful. . The location of work, where someone lives 100 miles away from home also matters. Weather and Climate changes thus also contribute. The lack of orientation and training to employees will make a difference to how you deliver your skills. Another factor are the employee’s culture and educational background, that has involves several adjustments to work environment. In addition, the heavy workload, long hours and demanding tasks. And, Not getting enough time to spend with friends and family. With the current situation in my workplace, working in a medical field and in the hospital demands my time including my attention and care to patients. Sometimes patient’s care are compromised because of the additional paper works and which is sometimes not necessary. The lack of staffs and the movement to different areas which we are not familiar with. New and changes to policy and procedure introduced and its strict compliance brings stress  to mind. Going home physically and emotionally tired and exhausted, leading to depression, long time sickness from work and not only that, the freezing increase in salary nationwide adds up to stress. However, if problems tackled properly within work, organising task and priorities and got substantial support from each other, working together as a team will ease work difficulties. As well as, support from the people with higher rank who should listens and acknowledges efforts, hard work and appreciates and rewards is very satisfying. Furthermore, good and clear communication within the people in the organization is vital and would make the employees more competent and productive worker. Therefore, as a working individual wherever and whatever things that involves work, it is believed that there a variety of factors the influences work and are extremely important. It is proved that personal interest like having new goals, dreams or simply taking some risk in life and adjust fully to changes, and a organized work environment is will certainly produces productivity and profitability and will have a healthier and better lives.

Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

Role of Women in Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart portrays Africa, particularly the Ibo society, right before the arrival of the white man. Things Fall Apart analyzes the destruction of African culture by the appearance of the white man in terms of the destruction of the bonds between individuals and their society. Achebe, who teaches us a great deal about Ibo society and translates Ibo myth and proverbs, also explains the role of women in pre-colonial Africa. In Things Fall Apart, the reader follows the trials and tribulations of Okonkwo, a tragic hero whose tragic flaw includes the fact that "his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and weakness." (16) For Okonkwo, his father Unoka embodied the epitome of failure and weakness. Okonkwo was taunted as a child by other children when they called Unoka agbala. Agbala could either mean a man who had taken no title or "woman." Okonkwo hated anything weak or frail, and his descriptions of his tribe and the members of his family show that in Ibo society anything strong was likened to man and anything weak to woman. Because Nwoye, his son by his first wife, reminds Okonkwo of his father Unoka he describes him as woman-like. After hearing of Nwoye's conversion to the Christianity, Okonkwo ponders how he, "a flaming fire could have begotten a son like Nwoye, degenerate and effeminate" (143)? On the other hand, his daughter Ezinma "should have been a boy." (61) He favored her the mos t out of all of his children, yet "if Ezinma had been a boy [he] would have been happier." (63) After killing Ikemefuna, Okonkwo, who cannot understand why he is so distraught, asks himself, "When did you become a shivering old woman?" (62) When his tribe looks as if they are not going to fight against the intruding missionaries, Okonkwo remembers the "days when men were men." (184) In keeping with the Ibo view of female nature, the tribe allowed wife beating . The novel describes two instances when Okonkwo beats his second wife, once when she did not come home to make his meal. He beat her severely and was punished but only because he beat her during the Week of Peace. He beat her again when she referred to him as one of those "guns that never shot." When a severe case of wife beating comes before the egwugwu, hefound in favor of the wife.

Gaining And Maintaining Airworthiness Engineering Essay

Aircraft design procedure involved in varied subjects such as aeromechanicss, constructions, flight mechanics etc. Therefore, for an aircraft to go operational it is indispensable to show that the building and design of the aircraft can follow with the demands applicable and such confirmation and proof grounds required to be delegated to the relevant governments. This study introduces ‘Airworthiness ‘ and provides the reader the model involved in deriving airworthiness and how to keep it later.IntroductionConsideration of airworthiness policies has its beginnings since the early yearss of military flight. But aircraft design informations has been recorded prior to 1910 for balloons and the Royal Aircraft Factory has produced a design demand papers in 1916. The Aerial Navigation Act that is countenance by the Home Office in 1911 to censor winging in populated countries is an early illustration of safety ordinance. Airworthiness Department has been established decennary subsequently by the Royal Aircraft Factory ( as portion of the Air Ministry ) , which is the beginning of processs for company design blessings and approved informations. Aircraft airworthiness means conformity with applicable air power governments ordinances that defines the minimal safety degree of the aircraft, of the riders transported and the over flown districts. When designed and built harmonizing to applicable demands ‘ , When operated within its ‘ intended environment and within its ‘ quantified and declared restrictions, And maintained in conformity with processs acceptable to the responsible Authority. The European Aviation Safety Agency ( EASA ) Regulation 216/2008, Article 5, 2 ( degree Celsius ) defines the airworthiness as ; â€Å" Each aircraft shall be issued with an single certification of airworthiness when it is shown that it conforms to the type design approved in its type-certificate and that relevant certification, reviews and trials demonstrate the aircraft is in status for safe operation † The Airworthiness is a corporate duty of operators, governments, industries and care administrations. An airworthy aircraft is one where the likeliness of any incident or accident as a consequence of malfunction, public presentation or handling of the aircraft is kept to acceptable degrees. The lone existent step of airworthiness in usage is given by tracking and analysing incidents and accidents. The staying subdivisions will discourse the kernel of â€Å" Gaining and Maintaining Airworthiness † .Figure 01: Airworthiness – Corporate DutiesExecution of AirworthinessAuthority ( EASA ) assurance that the design of a merchandise complies with the applicable demands based on Certification of the administration ( IR 21 – DOA ) & A ; Certification of the design of merchandises ( CS 25 – Technetium )DO ApprovalHarmonizing to European Aviation Safety Agency ( EASA ) , Design Organisation Approval ( DOA ) demands Implementing Rule ( IR ) portion 21 ( published as e xtension to European Commission Regulation ( EC ) No 1702/2003 ) includes procedural demands applicable either to the industry ( Section A ) or to the Competent Authorities ( Section B ) but Part 21 does non include commissariats to depute EASA authorization and / or signature to persons. â€Å" Certification of aircraft and related merchandises, parts and contraptions, and of design and production administrations † Administrations must show following cardinal elements in order to obtain DO Approval. Design Assurance System Handbook Right Peoples Footings of Blessing Duties of the holderFigure 02 – DOA Key ElementssDesign Organisation Approval ( DOA ) – Administration StructureFollowing diagram illustrates a simplified administration construction showing the indispensable elements in an aircraft design and fabrication administration.Figure 03: Design Administration StructureChief Executive Officer ( CEO ) : Responsible for appropriate operation of the work topographic point by guaranting handiness of needed resources. Designated Certification Specialist ( DCS ) : Airworthiness specializer nominated for a given subject ( ATA or Sub-ATA degree or for Approved Manuals ) to transport out the enfranchisement undertakings, in peculiar to pull off the conformity presentation activities for their sphere. Part of the airworthiness map and act under the control of Product Integrity. Certification Manager ( CM ) Certification panel leaders for their country of competency, Participate in the development of new enfranchisement schemes The CM is the interface with Aviation Authorities at panel degree for primary TC, foreign enfranchisement / proof activities and for allocated major alterations. Chief Airworthiness Engineer ( CAE ) Responsible for taking and organizing the enfranchisement and airworthiness activities for the programme. Supported by a squad normally called the CAE squad composed of: A Type Certification Manger ( TCM ) An Individual Aircraft Certification Manager ( IACM ) A Continued Airworthiness Manager ( CAM )Type CertificationType enfranchisement is the procedure showing that the design of an aircraft complies with the applicable air power demands. Certification procedure could be a new type certification new aircraft ( ex. Airbus A380 ) , Amended Type enfranchisement theoretical account or derivative ( antique: Airbus A350 – 1000 ) and important major alterations to the type design ( antique. A330-200 Passenger to Freighter ) To allow and EASA Type Certificate, aircraft industry shall obtain foremost a DOA ( Design Organisation Approval ) covering the relevant merchandise ( aircraft type ) and besides shall show its capableness to plan, attest and guarantee the continued airworthiness of its merchandises in conformity with the enfranchisement specification ( CS-25 ) and Environmental protection ( CS-34, CS-36 ) demands. To industry and release to service series aircraft, industry must so obtain a POA ( Production Organisation Approval ) and set up relationship between DOA & A ; POA.Flight TrialFlight proving procedure could be potentially really hazardous and highly expensive due to unanticipated job s consequence in loss of life ( both crew and people on the land ) and harm to the aircraft. Due to this grounds modern flight testing is one of the most safety witting operations. Typically there are two types of flight trial plans, military and commercial. There is a important difference between military and commercial flight proving where commercial trial plans are carried out to attest the aircraft meets all needed safety and public presentation demands where as military plans involved in aircraft industries planing and edifice aircraft to authorities contracts to run into specific mission capablenesss. Initiation of flight trial readyings for both commercial and military aircraft commence good befo re the aircraft is ready to wing, although due to the fact that the authorities is funding the military undertakings, engagement of military flight proving is commence much early-on in the design and proving procedure.Historical Data AnalysisHarmonizing to historical grounds, operational and airframe related hazard of a serious accident causes is about one per million flight hours but failure jobs occurred by aircraft systems jobs is about 10 per centum of this entire sum. Therefore, it is sensible to reason that systems mistakes should non allowed serious accidents and it is therefore possible for a new design to alter the chance of such a serious accident non to be greater than one per ten million flight hours ( 1 x 10-7 ) . But it is non possible to place whether the mark can be met until all the aircraft systems has been numerically jointly analysed. Due to this ground it ‘s assumed that there are about 100 possible failure conditions present randomly which could forestall safe flight and landing of the aircraft. By sharing out every bit the mark allowable hazard ( ten 10-7 ) every bit among these conditions risk allotment consequence in non greater than 1 ten 10-9 to each. Therefore the upper hazard bound for failure conditions would be 1 ten 10-9 for each hr of flight which approximates chance value for the term â€Å" Highly Improbable † .Analytic techniquesAssorted analytical techniques have been developed in line with the above subject to help Airworthiness Authority and the applier to transport out a safety analysis, which could profit systematic qualitative analysis. This technique besides of import for analyst to execute quantitative appraisal when required. The Advisory Material Joint ( AMJ ) identifies both qualitative and quantitative analytical attacks which could used to back up JAA personal or assist applier to find the conformity with the demand. And it besides provides counsel for finding if or when a peculiar analysis to be conducted. The intended demand of the analytical tools is supplement but non to replace operational and technology opinion.Legal IssuesTo hold a basic apprehension of the legal demand is critical for air power professionals such as pilots, mechanics, air traffic accountants and executives. National and international Torahs or ordinances regulate all facets of civil air transit. To guarantee the effectivity of the legal model and enforceability of safety facets, the undermentioned basic groups of ordinances have been developed. Airworthiness Regulations to specify: Applicable processs, and Minimum safety, proficient and public presentation demands to be realised and maintain in the aircraft design. Ex-husband: EASA Part 21 ( aircraft enfranchisement processs ) , Part M and Part 145 ( aircraft care ) & A ; CS-25 ( design codification for big aircraft ) Operational ordinances: to specify the basic regulations air traffic has to follow and the lower limit demands for certain sorts of operations, for the aircraft and the individual or the administration. Ex-husband: EU-OPS1 Commercial Air Transportation After an accident there is two chief probes ( proficient & A ; legal proceedings ) will be conducted. Legal proceedings consist with ; Civil proceedings which involved in civil claims for amendss by victims and/or their relations, Commercial proceedings which involved in claims for amendss by client and/or its insurance company ( Aircraft fix / loss, Reduction in aircraft residuary value, Loss of gross ) and eventually Criminal prosecution, in instance of decease / serious hurt, in certain legal powers ( ex: France, Germany ) .Continued AirworthinessHarmonizing to ICAO Doc No 9760-2001 continued Airworthiness defined as ‘The procedures that guarantee, at any clip in its life, an aircraft complies with the proficient conditions fixed to the issue of the Certificate of Airworthiness and is in a status for safe operation. ‘ And recommends ‘Contracting provinces are required to hold a system that ensures aircraft are in a status for safe operation. ‘ F. Florio ( 2006 ) stated that safety is the most of import thing which has to be guaranting every clip in every flight operations and all the aeroplanes must be in an air worthy province which is suited for fly. In other words all the aircrafts must accomplish and execute all the processs in the Airworthiness Directive manuals. Furthermore, Florio ( 2006 ) besides mentioned that continued airworthiness can be rely on two factors Administration operators CareCareCare can be explained as changes, reviews, replacings of parts of the aircraft. This can be done by taking a record entry for each event such as replacing of LRUs ( Line replacement units ) . Harmonizing to Florio ( 2006 ) , Maintenance refers to as ‘preventive care, changes and fixs and debut of airworthiness directive ‘ and besides he stated that airworthiness is rely on the care programmes, which besides set up the replacing of clip alteration points, the inspection and repair engines, propellors and assorted parts of contraptions. Florio mentioned that as the portion of the merchandise type enfranchisements of aircraft airworthiness governments requires instructions for continued airworthiness therefore these instructions can be identified as the cardinal tools of the care because they are the basic care programmes. These care programmes must provide the demands of operational and care criterions. Harmonizing to EASA Maintenance programme ; Every aircraft shall be maintained in conformity with the care programmes approved by the competent authorization, which shall be sporadically reviewed and amended consequently. The care programme and any subsequent amendments shall be approved by the competent authorization The care programmes must set up conformity with ; Instruction manuals for go oning airworthiness issued by the type certification and the auxiliary type certification holder Instruction manuals issued by the complement authorization Instruction manuals issued by the proprietor or the operator and approved by the competent authorization.RepairsRepair procedure involves different administrations where, when the merchandises are non with aircraft industry, go oning airworthiness is governed by the province of register or the duties are spread out in administrations. Part 21A subpart M states the fix procedural demands for enfranchisement. Under Part 21 subpart Meter: Elimination of harm ( 21A.431 B ) Unrepaired amendss ( 21A.445 a ) Out of Part 21 subpart M Replacement without design activity ( 21A.431c ) Repairs design from an approved manual ( GM 21A.431 a ) Following diagrams illustrates the Airbus mending procedure.Figure 04: Airbus Repairing ProcedureThe Structure Repair Manual ( SRM ) describes general fix patterns, stuffs and typical fixs, allowed amendss, which are considered applicable to standard fixs. It ‘s approved by aircraft industry under DOR privilege.AlterationsChanges made to a peculiar aircraft after the issue of the airworthiness certification is a alteration. This could include alterations to the constructions, systems, powerplants, propellors etc†¦ Furthermore, permutation of one type for another besides considered as a alteration. Any alteration requires blessing from the Civil Aviation Authority straight or via an sanctioned administration. During a design alteration, inside informations of the alteration must be given to the authorization at early phase where so the alteration is classified as child or major medicine harmonizing to the nature of the probe. If the result of an probe requires amendments to the Certificate of Airworthiness or Flight Manual, authorization may necessitate following major alteration processs.Incidents and AccidentsFlight safety experts believe that series of events leads to incidents and accidents.Accidents – During the operation of an aircraft, consequence in happening associated with a individual being fatally or earnestly injured from the clip any individual boards to the aircraft with purpose of flight until the clip all individuals disembarked. Incidents – Other than accidents incidents besides occurrences which relate to the operation of the aircraft or could impact the safety of its operation.Aging AircraftCivil Aviation authorization has defined Aging aircrafts as ‘An operational aircraft nearing the terminal of its design life premises ‘ ( Alder P. 2005 ) . Aging aircraft can besides be called as an older aircraft every bit good. Since the aircraft are industry to supply long permanent services for so many old ages, all the aircraft must be in an airworthy province and have to be safe to wing. Thus care programmes must be carried out to keep the aircraft and besides aircraft must be operated harmonizing to the makers ‘ recommendation. Florio F. ( 2006 ) stated that, older aircraft require extra attention and the care programmes must be carried out in a more specific manner than the late manufactured aircraft. And besides he stated that due to the weariness, inadvertent harm and besides due to the environmental impairment more review in the constituents of the construction must necessitate in care programmes. So to keep airworthiness in older aircrafts makers of the flight has to supply operators with the specific plans. In older aircrafts usually each of the airplane constituents have to undergo some of the fixs, inspection and repairs, review care, preventative care and some replacings of constituents of the aircraft. Care records have to be update on a regular basis by the operator. Florio F. ( 2006 ) states that between operator of the aircraft, maker and besides the authorization there should be an unfastened communicating system. Furthermore he states that one time a job occur the operator or the proprietor of the aircraft must inform it to the maker and so maker has to fix the recommendations and has to update the appropriate programmes of continued air worthiness. After scrutiny of those care programmes the governments will O.K. those.Role of the RegulatorAirworthiness programmes consist of three chief functions. Regulator Implementer Research worker Civil Aviation Authority ( CAA ) , European Aviation Safety Agency ( EASA ) and Federal Aviation Regulations ( FAR ) are illustrations for the ordinance governments. These governments generate and distribute the ordinances for aircraft operations for air power industry. Civil Aviation Authority is the UKs independent specializer regulator. Their chief duty is to supply universe taking air safety environment in the air power industry. Aircraft licensing, care of specific airworthiness direction systems and economic ordinances, consumer protection, policies for air space and puting up national safety criterions can be taken as cardinal function of CAA. Regulators involved in few or many functions as follows: Puting up the civil air power criterions and guarantee they are achieved. Regulates and encourages air hoses, airdromes and national air traffic services economic activities etc†¦ Manages the chief travel protection strategy. Ensure the air space is a common topographic point for all users by conveying civil and military involvements together. Rede the authorities on air power issues. Represents consumer involvements Conduct scientific and economic research. Provide specializer services by bring forthing statistical informations.Conclusion & A ; RecommendationAircraft airworthiness means conformity with applicable air power governments ordinances that defines the minimal safety degree of the aircraft, of the riders transported and the over flown districts and when designed and built harmonizing to applicable demands, when operated within its ‘ intended environment and within its ‘ quantified and declared restrictions and maintained in conformity with processs acceptable to the responsible Authority. Therefore, The Airworthiness is a corporate duty of operators, governments, industries and care administrations.

Curricular Ramifications

The employment of computer technologies in elementary school education has significantly increased across the globe. The benefits and advantages of computer-based learning have been comprehensively discussed, yet it is also important to enumerate the ramifications associated with this endeavor. However, it is imperative to determine whether this technologically intense activity is appropriate for application to young children attending elementary school education. This paper will identify several issues that are associated with the use of computers in teaching basic lessons to young school children.One of the most alarming reports regarding the ramifications of computer-based instruction at the grade school level is that the brains of young children are inundated with so much information at an early age (Healy, 1998). It has been earlier established that the brains of young children are still undergoing further development and thus it is best to allow time and the normal activities t o enhance the young individual’s brain capacity as he grows through adolescence and adulthood.The exposure of young children to computer programs is thus a novel experience that has not been fully examined with regards to its long-term effects of human behavior and cognition (Kay, 1992). It is acceptable that adults employ computers at work and at home, yet allowing young children to use computers at such an early age may be rushing their underdeveloped brains to mature at a faster pace. Another issue associated with the employment of computers in elementary school education is that the quality of software programs may significantly vary, depending on the designer or creator of the program.There are currently so many software programs that assist a computer user in uploading, integrating and consolidating different types of information on a computer. It is thus possible that the computer program that is used by a certain elementary school has not been reviewed and endorsed by the school district and thus the school children may be affected in terms of their learning skills and behavior. The ideal computer program that could assist in teaching grade school children should not only include lessons on how to count or read, but also instill good morals, as well as conduct (Cassell and Jenkins, 1998).It may thus be possible that the computer program employed by a certain school was simply purchased based on the price of the software packaged. There are so many versions of tutorial software that are featured with violent activities that attempt to teach children how to count or read. It is therefore important that computer programs are designed as a simulation of classroom lessons, which will always include teaching of proper attitudes and behaviors.Another issue that may result from the use of computer programs in teaching lessons at the elementary school level is the decrease in interpersonal interactions among students (Whitley, 1997). One features of elem entary school education is that these children are allowed to interact with other children of the same age, as they also learn lessons from their teachers. The employment of computers in teaching lessons to these young children therefore removes the social interactions that are important in shaping the personality of a child.Computer programs will thus accumulate more time spent sitting on a desk and staring at a computer screen. The young schoolchildren will thus lose significant time in playing and interacting with other children. Computer-based learning may also decrease the opportunities for a young child to learn the concept of cause and effect, which is strongly linked to social exchange with other children. It is generally observed that compassion is often learned at children and this is mainly through seeing what happens when one child is affected by a particular stimulus in the environment.In the case of employment of computers in elementary schools, children will be left w ith less time interacting with children and thus they might not learn how to appropriately interact with other people. The effect of this setting may not be immediately seen unless they have already grown older as full adults (Whitley, 1997). Another issue associated with computer programs in the elementary school level is gender difference in the use and appreciation of computers (Barker and Aspray, 2006).According to earlier reports, grade school-age boys are more comfortable in using computers than girls, thus reflecting the concept of male dominance in computer technology use (Butler, 2000). This gender difference may therefore affect the performance and learning capacity of the female school children, as these do not fully appreciate the reason why they have to use computers in learning specific lessons at school. In addition, there are reports that describe that elementary school-age girls develop an increase in their negative perception of computers when they reach the age ra nge of 12 to 13 years of age (Kay, 2006a).On the other hand, boys of this same age range show an increase in their interest on computers, and thus reflect the significant improvement of their test scores from computer lessons and activities (Kay, 2006b). It has been suggested that this correlation between boys and computer use is influenced by the sense of confidence that this gender feels as they use such technological gadgets. Another obstacle that is associated with the use of computer technology in elementary school instruction is the difficulty of teachers in integrating this technology in their curriculum (Jenson and Rose, 2003).It is critical to understand that computers have only been employed in most human activity in the last twenty to thirty years. In addition, it has only been in the last 15 years that communication methods such as the email and short message service have been fully appreciated by society. It is thus possible that there are certain teachers in elementary schools around that world that are still not comfortable with using computers in their teaching curriculum.There are some teachers that would rather stick with the old classical method of instruction, especially when they have been teaching young children with only the basic lessons of reading, mathematics and writing (Howe, 1997). In the case where the Department of Education or the school district obliges all elementary school teachers to integrate computer programs in their teaching curriculum, this may present some form of stress of certain teachers that are not used to this technology.It is thus important that teachers be highly trained with regards to the use and the recognition of the advantages of including computers in their curriculum. It will be disappointing to see reports in the futures which describe teachers that are misguiding young school children in their classroom lessons because the teacher himself is not familiar with using a computer program. Given these ramif ications on the curriculum of elementary schools, it is thus important that the decision and choices made with regards to computer use be thoroughly reviewed and assessed.Elementary schoolchildren’s brains are highly malleable and thus it is critical that the appropriate and relevant measure are undertaken in order to ensure good educations among these young individuals. References Barker, L. J. and Aspray, W. (2006). The state of research on girls and IT. In: Cohoon, J. M. and Aspray, E. (eds. ). Women and Information Technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pages 3–54. Butler, D. (2000). Gender, girls, and computer technology: What's the status now? Clearing House, 73, 225–229. Cassell, J. and Jenkins, H. (1998). From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and computer games.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Jenson, J. and Rose, C. B. (2003). [email  protected]: Listening to gendered relations of power in teachers’ talk about new technologies. Gender and Education, 15, 169–181. Healy, J. (1998). Failure to Connect: How Computers Affect Our Children’s Minds – For Better or Worse. New York: Simon & Schuster. Howe, K. (1997). Understanding Equal Educational Opportunity: Social Justice, Democracy and Schooling. New York: Teachers College Press Kay, R. H. (1992). An analysis of methods used to examine gender differences in computer-related behaviour.Journal of Educational Computing Research, 8, 323–336. Kay, R. H. (2006a). Addressing gender differences in computer ability, attitudes and use: The laptop effect. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 34, 187–211. Kay, R. H. (2006b). Evaluating strategies used to incorporate technology into preservice education: A review of the literature. Journal of Research on Technology and Education, 38, 383–408. Whitley, B. E. (1997). Gender differences in computer-related attitudes and behaviors: A metaanalysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 13, 1–22. .