Review of the Gladiator Essay - 1681 Words

Review of the Gladiator At start of the film the shots are close up to the Robin seating on the branch. A Robin has connotations of winter and morning, as this is the time when the Robins usually come out and bird is a symbol of freedom. We then return to the shot of the main character; we see facial expression as he smiles, we assume that he is smiling untroubled at this bird. At the background there is Spanish music that has the fact been played tells us he is Spanish. The music is played†¦show more content†¦As the battle starts the camera dollies cut fourth and back from the ground view and which puts the audience right in front of the seats of the arena this is to give a variety of shots in the fighting scene and fast pace this is so that the audie nce can be involved in the fight. It also shows the fighters perspective to the fight all thought this scene have some slow motion other camera shots blurred and others normal speed. This is because whenever any of those happened it was always seen in Maximus view and so Maximus is beginning to die and would be seeing things at different speed. The fight is fast paced and the camera angles vary lots of times in a very short space of time to make it look exciting then it actually was. The only sound we hear is only sharp blades clashing the camera cuts to Maximus side once again more to show that he dying and is almost dead. The director here wants the audience to feel sorry for Maximus. As the camera spins around the coliseum silence breaks this is to give the effect that everyone is watching and reflecting on the Emperors death. The music starts very slowly and start to build up this is to tell us that the fight has finished. The director uses colour, music and camera shots in the battle scene. He then uses grey and blue and dark red colours. This is used to represent winter, which is a contrast of the dreamShow MoreRelatedA Review of Gladiator Essay668 Words   |  3 PagesA Review of Gladiator Hail Caesar, and the return of the Roman Empire. From Quo Vadis to Spartacus, Hollywood has enjoyed a long and fore filling relationship with the sword-and-sandals epics and Ridley Scott (Alien Blade Runner), has released a monumental spectacle; managing to make this forgotten genre bigger, better and more bloody than ever before. Ridley Scott shines as a director through Gladiator. Not only has he managed to create the multiple plotsRead MoreEssay on Movie Review of Gladiator the Movie803 Words   |  4 PagesTITLE: GLADIATOR PLOT: The story is about Maximus, one of the leading generals in the Roman army. He led the Romans to victory in a decisive battle with the Barbarians that ended a long war between them. This victory helped him gain trust and favour from the old Emperor Marcus Aurelius, which is now old and near his end. 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Before we can call an all around movie a good movie, we must first define what a good movie isRead MorePompeii, By Janet Scott Batchler And Lee Batchler929 Words   |  4 PagesThe film that I selected for this film review is Pompeii, a 2014 historical disaster movie that was directed by Paul W.S. Anderson and written by Janet Scott Batchler and Lee Batchler. The movie was adapted from a 2003 book with the same title that was written by Robert Harris. I chose Pompeii because I heard about the devastating event that took place in the ancient Roman city in various television programs and books. As a result, I wanted to learn more about the event and the daily life of PompeiiRead MoreLooking Into Rome : Early European History1227 Words   |  5 Pagescleaning, working, attending school, etc. When there is free time available, there are many ways of entertainment. Some of the most popular ones are chariot races, various festivals, and the much prided gladiator shows (Carter). Gladiator shows are extremely popular in Roman culture, this is when the gladiators fight to the death for honor--the public slaughter may not be anything new to you, but the fact that citizens go to the shows for entertainment may be. If you plan to stay in Rome for a long periodRead MoreTransition Paper1210 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Transition Paper Assignment NR 10 1 Ethics in Nursing In the world of medical ethics no sector of healthcare has been under more scrutiny and has drawn more phisophical debates, been under review or been a more sensitive and critical part of the healthcare field than the world of ethics in the field of nursing. Nursing is one of the most pivotal aspects of every medical practice in the world. And today the importance of nursing ethics is ruling right up there with the importance of oxygen.

The National Association For The Advancement Of Colored...

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded in 1909. Their mission was â€Å"to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination†. During this time, African-Americans were denied several basic constitutional rights. Throughout the Civil Right Movement, as black people began to gain rights, the NAACP began to fall into oblivion. For several years there after, very little news was documented about their contributions to any minority community. The organization reestablished its mission in the late 20th century by focusing on more current issue such as police misconduct. Many public figure went to social media to voice their opinions on the tragedies in Baltimore, Ferguson, Miami and countless others. While the infamous performer, Beyoncà © Knowles created a more influential narrative. In the music video for her song â€Å"Formation† she uses un subtle symbolism, powerful cinematography, influential figures, indicative lyrics, as well as cultural and popular references in order to bring attention to a multitude of the current racial relations and social justice issues regarding police brutality and black empowerment. Very few celebrities have the accomplishments, determination and global status of Beyoncà ©. She has the ability, resources and the means to appeal to a plethora of audiences. Here talent has had the ability to transcend generations. Although her mainShow MoreRelatedThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People670 Words   |  3 PagesWhen History Changed The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was founded in the year of 1909 in New York City. This association is considered the nation’s biggest and oldest civil rights organizations. It was formed in response to the continuing terrible practice of lynching during that period. Lynching was being practiced during this time and affected many people just because of their skin color. The NAACP was made by white and black citizens â€Å"[fought] for socialRead MoreThe National Association of the Advancement of Colored People1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Association of the Advancement of Colored People Almost 500,000 Americans of all races are members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the largest civil rights organization in the world and probably the largest secular citizens action agency in the nation. Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the oldest civil rights organization as well as the most powerful and the most respected today. The NAACP is the national spokesperson for blackRead MoreNational Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1233 Words   |  5 Pagesforced them to live these lives of hell. It wasn’t until the development of the NAACP came around, that they began to see equal treatment. The NAACP is an organization created and developed for the advancement of African Americans. NAACP is an acronym for National Association for the advancement of Colored People. The NAACP website discusses the development and purpose of the NAACP. The NAACP was founded by a group of African Americans who were fed up with the injustic es towards blacks. It was foundedRead MoreThe National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) states its mission as: â€Å"The NAACP insures the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority groups and citizens; achieves equality of rights and eliminates race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; removes all barriers of racial discrimination through the democratic processes; seeks to enact and enforce federal, state, and local laws securing civil rights; informs the public of the adverse effectsRead MoreThe National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1425 Words   |  6 PagesI will be observing a Hofstra University organization, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The intent of the NAACP Chapter at Hofstra University is to educate, uplift, and unify the students of Hofstra University and the s urrounding community. They discuss issues surrounding the black community and bring about different ways to help alleviate the pressures the black community faces. A main issue facing the black community throughout the United States is policeRead MoreNational Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1177 Words   |  5 PagesThis semester, I decided to go to a National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. known as the NAACP, meeting to attend their monthly leadership meeting. The meeting was held on March 17, 2016, and there were about 6 people in existence from the Golden Triangle area. All of the people in attendance are a part of the local chapter of the NAACP. The meeting was ran by the secretary and treasurer of the local chapter. 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The impetus for the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People came in the summer of 1908. Severe race riots in Springfield, Illinois, prompted William English Walling to write articles questioning the treatment of the Negro. Reading the articlesRead MoreThe Achievement Of The National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesthen drawn into a larger field of responsibility. She was one of the first members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She was appointed to Chicago’s Board of Education, and in 1909 she became the first woman president of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections. â€Å"In 1911, she was elected vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association.† Years later, in 1915, she accepted the chairmanship of the Women’s Peace Party. AddamsRead MoreAfrican Americans : National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1883 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the 1900s African Americans fought for freedom and racial uplift. Today African Americans can be seen fighting for equality and justice. African Americans actions were demonstrated through the Nia gara Movement, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People also known as the NAACP, the Harlem Renaissance, and the civil rights movement. Each of the movements listed have shown the different struggles Blacks went through for what they believe in. The Niagara Movement was an important

Lighting a Fire free essay sample

At age twelve, I had little interest in learning about the world of engineering and even less interest in summer school. All I wanted was to do okay in middle school and play video games in my free time. Consequently, I was furious when my mother told me in the second half of my seventh grade year that she planned on placing me into the Prefreshman Engineering Program (PREP) for eight weeks during the summer. I already worked at the family restaurant my parents owned on weekends from nine in the morning to eleven at night. When summer started, I’d be spending six hours a day in PREP from Monday to Thursday, and then have to work at the restaurant on Friday and Saturday all day, leaving only Sunday for my enjoyment. Therefore, I adamantly believed my mother was asking the unthinkable, that she wanted to deprive me of my childhood. We will write a custom essay sample on Lighting a Fire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Feeling that she could not understand my struggle, I argued with her over the issue one day at the restaurant. I wanted to fit in, like the average American kid who spent summers traveling. My Americanized perception of life clashed with my mother’s traditional Chinese values about the importance of schooling. We lived in America, not China, so to me, Chinese ideas didn’t apply; I ridiculed her stories of being the top student in her high school class. She hadn’t done well enough on the Chinese National College Entrance Exam to qualify for entry into a university education, so I saw no reason why she should force her old aspirations of higher education on me. â€Å"It’s not fair, no one else I know does this!† I ceased fire when I saw my mother nearly in tears. I backed off my rant and came to my senses. I apologized but still made it absolutely clear I did not want to attend PREP. Fast forward a month and summer was about to start in a few weeks. I again attempted to convince my mother to not put me in PREP, although this time around I tried a gentler approach. Fortunately for me, my mother had better grasp of my personality than I did. She made me a deal: if I agreed to attend PREP, she would give me $500 in cash on the spot. My resolve to not attend PREP was evidently much weaker than I thought because my greed trampled it underfoot and I acquiesced. I hid the $500 in the pocket of an old coat in my closet and thought nothing more of PREP detracting from my summer or the labor my parents had done to earn that money, only how I would spend it after PREP was over. When the time came to go to the University of Texas at San Antonio for PREP’s first day, I swallowed any reluctance I had. After introductions and aptitude tests for all students, I placed into the highest ranking group, Thor. The rest of the day was spent getting to know instructors and our Program Assistant Martin, a college student supervising our group. Several weeks passed quickly and I realized the program wasn’t so bad; in fact, I began to enjoy it. The teachers were thorough and offered tutoring if anyone needed help on assignments. More importantly, I actually found the subjects quite interesting. In our engineering class, we would construct speakers out of paper plates and bits of metal or build a sturdy bridge out of toothpicks; in Logic, we would solve complex word problems by dissecting sentences one at a time until we could creatively implement a law or theorem that allowed us to reach the answer using the simple idea of â€Å"if p, then q†. There seemed to be no limit to what could be thought up or created, if I would only try. By the time PREP was over, I had realized two things: that the summer had been hugely enjoyable and that my mother had always pushed me to excel, even though I contented myself with mediocrity. Dwelling on my anger at constantly being pushed to do more than I wanted, I had refused to acknowledge the truth. My mother stressed excellence and education so much because she saw more opportunities for me here in America than she and my father ever had access to growing up in villages on the rice fields of Taishan, Guangdong. Realizing the language and culture barriers my parents had struggled with in raising me up to that point, the day after PREP I gave her back all $500 and an apology for my previous bratty behavior. A fire in my mind had been lit in pursuit of knowledge for its own sake, and that, to me, had more value than any amount of money.

Tsetse Fly Essay Example For Students

Tsetse Fly Essay Tsetse FlyAfrican sleeping sickness is an infectious disease of tropical Africa. This infectious disease is caused by a protozoan organism that exists as a parasite in the blood of a number of vertebrate hosts. There are three variations of the disease that predominate in humans are transmitted by an insect vector: Two types of African sleeping sickness are caused by the following: Trypanosoma rhodesiense and T. gambiense, both transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly. Trypanosome, which early symptoms include fever, headache, and chills, followed by anaemia and joint pains. Later, the disease attacks the central nervous system, causing drowsiness, lethargy, and, if left untreated, death. The cycle of this deadly disease starts out with the tsetse fly and usually end in death if untreated. Tsetse flies are classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class insecta, order Diptera, family Trypanosoma. Tsetse flies are unusual insects. The medium to large brown flies are between six to 14mm long, excluding its proboscis (which is the trunk-like process of the head). The wings are folded and scissor-like while at rest and extend a short distance beyond the end of the abdomen. We will write a custom essay on Tsetse Fly specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Other flies have their wings projecting side-ways unlike the tsetse fly, which has overlapping wings. Tsetse flies are confined to Africa. There are 390 different species and four are found in Zambia. They are in the same family as the house and horse flies, they feed extensively on blood be it that of humans or animals. They are parasites that live in the blood or tissue of humans and other vertebrates. Egg and larval stages develop within the female. The female fly produces only one egg at a time. The larva hatches from the egg and is nourished during the growing period inside the body of the parent. When the larva is full-grown, it is deposited on the ground, and it becomes a pupa. She gives birth every 9 to 10 days. Tsetse flies mate only once, but that mating provides enough sperm to fertilize the female throughout her 90 to 100 day lifespan. Female tsetses produce at most nine larvae and therefore have one of the lowest reproduction rates in the insect world. The single-celled trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness spend their time cycling between humans and tsetse flies. They linger in the gut of the fly, absorbing amino acids and other molecules that the fly gets by biting mammals. After about ten days the trypanosomes move into the flys salivary glands.The larva of the tsetse fly develops inside the body of the mother until it is ready to pupate in the soil. A number of the 21 species can transmit to humans the trypanosomes that cause the Gambian and Rhodesian forms of African sleeping sickness. The tsetse fly also carries the trypanosomes that cause nagana and other diseases of wild and domestic animals. Clearing the brush that the flies inhabit helps to get rid of them; DDT has also been used to exterminate them.The vast majority of human infections result from inoculation with the trypanosome by tsetse flies as they suck human blood. The flies become infected while feeding on the blood of people or other mammals that are already infected with the parasite. The flies usually cannot infect people or animals until the germs have lived in their bodies several days and have passed through the stomach to their salivary glands. Then, for at least 96 days, the flies can transmit the parasites to anyone they bite. During this time the trypanosomes multiply by binary division in the midgut of the fly, then migrate to the salivary glands, and pass out of the flys proboscis in droplets of saliva during the flys bloodsucking. .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 , .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .postImageUrl , .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 , .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075:hover , .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075:visited , .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075:active { border:0!important; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075:active , .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075 .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u339d073dc5952b8be54bb894cb04d075:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plain English Essay To prepare for their new home, the parasites cloak themselves in a coat made of millions of copies of a single sugary molecule. Our immune cells fashion antibodies that correspond to this molecules shape, and the antibodies enable the immune system to kill the parasite in huge numbers. But some individual trypanosomes take evasive action. They shut down the genes they use to build their coat and turn on a new set in their place. They can then build a new surface molecule, one similar enough to the old one to do the job but which no longer matches the antibodies. Now invisible, the parasite thrives while the immune system starts a new eradication campaign from scratch. But trypanosomes have hundreds of coat-coding genes that they hold in reserve, and they can easily continue to slip away from the body s attack. After this saliva has been lying in the humans for about one to two weeks, the trypanosomes are then found in large numbers in the circulating blood of the victim. The disease starts to take on noticeable symptoms, the lymph nodes and spleen are invaded first, and they become swollen, soft, and tender. The lymph nodes at the back of the neck become enlarged (known as Winterbottoms sign) this is a common sign of the disease. Irregular fever and delayed sensation to pain are also characteristic symptoms at this stage. After these symptoms appear the trypanosomes proceed to invade the brain and spinal cord. This results in neurological symptoms including severe headache, mental dullness and apathy, a weary shuffling gait, tremors, spastic or flaccid paralysis, chorea, and a profound sleepiness that develops during a meal or when the patient is standing or walking. These symptoms are followed by increasing emaciation, coma, and death. The tsetse fly has a deadly bite that causes African sleeping sickness. The disease causes the body and mind to break down until if it is left untreated death is inevitable. Word count 1085Bibliographyhttp://www.britannica.com/seo/s/sleeping-sickness/The Columbia Encyclopedia, Fifth Edition, 01-01-1993Kinley, David H., III, Aerial assault on the tsetse fly: researchers have found a way to eradicate thedisease-carrying tsetse fly from Zanzibar. Vol. 40, Environment, 09-01-1998, pp 14(7).Sandra J. Glover, Tsetse fly. , World Book Encyclopedia, 01-01-2000Zimmer, Carl, A sleeping storm. (Sleeping sickness in Africa). Vol. 19, Discover Magazine, 08-01-1998, pp 86(9).

Leasdership in Criminal Justice Organizations essays

Leasdership in Criminal Justice Organizations essays This paper will describe my understanding of the text and of the lectures provided in the class. Unlike most classes, where I understood only my view of the text, this class was geared so each student would understand each others view. An organization is a collective that has some boundary and internal structure that engages in activities related to some complex set of goals. Members of organizations attempt to meet their psychological, ego and emotional needs within the organization. Criminal justice organizations are particularly unique compared to other public or private sector organizations because of the governmental granted authority. Management within these organizations can be defined as the process by which the elements of a group are integrated, coordinated and/or utilized so as to efficiently achieve the organizations objectives. In Law enforcement and correctional organizations, the front line officers manage people. This is especially true in the control of inmates. In these organizations, we must consider the hierarchy to be inverted. The front line officers, not limited to sergeants and lieutenants, influence the direction of the organization. Leaders in criminal justice establish direction b y developing a vision of the future, align people through shared values and vision, and motivate and inspire people to move them toward the shared vision. Leaders will challenge existing processes and systems, focus on the future of the basic assumptions, values, and beliefs and create the basis for structural or programmatic change. Conversely, leadership in corrections is often more complex. Prison and jail overcrowding, along with the increasing number of geriatric, mentally ill and an influx of younger and more violent inmates requires the managers of the organization to increase the training and motivation of line officers in order to deal with problems. In law enforcement agencies, leaderships must...

6 Kinds of Simple Machines

6 Kinds of Simple Machines Work is performed by applying a force over a distance. These six simple machines create a greater output force than the input force; the ratio of these forces is the mechanical advantage of the machine. All six of the simple machines listed here have been used for thousands of years, and the physics behind several of them were quantified by the Greek philosopher Archimedes (ca. 287–212Â  BCE). When combined, these machines can be used together to create an even greater mechanical advantage, as in the case of a bicycle. Lever A lever is a simple machine that consists of a rigid object (often a bar of some kind) and a fulcrum (or pivot). Applying a force to one end of the rigid object causes it to pivot about the fulcrum, causing a magnification of the force at another point along the rigid object. There are three classes of levers, depending on where the input force, output force, and fulcrum are in relation to each other. The earliest lever was in use as a balance scale by 5000 BCE; Archimedes is credited with saying Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth. Baseball bats, seesaws, wheelbarrows, and crowbars are all types of levers. Wheel Axle A wheel is a circular device that is attached to a rigid bar in its center. A force applied to the wheel causes the axle to rotate, which can be used to magnify the force (by, for example, having a rope wind around the axle). Alternately, a force applied to provide rotation on the axle translates into rotation of the wheel. It can be viewed as a type of lever that rotates around a center fulcrum. The earliest wheel and axle combination known was a toy model of a four-wheeled cart made in Mesopotamia about 3500 BCE. Ferris wheels, tires, and rolling pins are examples of wheels and axles. Inclined Plane An inclined plane is a plane surface set at an angle to another surface. This results in doing the same amount of work by applying the force over a longer distance. The most basic inclined plane is a ramp; it requires less force to move up a ramp to a higher elevation than to climb to that height vertically. No one invented the inclined plane since it occurs naturally in nature, but people used ramps to build large buildings (monumental architecture) as early as 10,000–8,500Â  BCE. Archimedess On Plane Equilibrium describes the centers of gravity for various geometrical plane figures. Wedge The wedge is often considered a double inclined plane- both sides are inclined- that moves to exert a force along the lengths of the sides. The force is perpendicular to the inclined surfaces, so it pushes two objects (or portions of a single object) apart. Axes, knives, and chisels are all wedges. The common door wedge uses the force on the surfaces to provide friction, rather than separate things, but its still fundamentally a wedge. The wedge is the oldest simple machine, made by our ancestors Homo erectus at least as long ago as 1.2 million years to make stone tools. Screw A screw is a shaft that has an inclined groove along its surface. By rotating the screw (applying a torque), the force is applied perpendicular to the groove, thus translating a rotational force into a linear one. It is frequently used to fasten objects together (as the hardware screw and bolt does). The Babylonians in Mesopotamia developed the screw in the 7th century BCE, to elevate water from a low-lying body to a higher one (irrigate a garden from a river). This machine would later to be known as Archimedes screw. Pulley A pulley is a wheel with a groove along its edge, where a rope or cable can be placed. It uses the principle of applying force over a longer distance, and also the tension in the rope or cable, to reduce the magnitude of the necessary force. Complex systems of pulleys can be used to greatly reduce the force that must be applied initially to move an object. Simple pulleys were used by the Babylonians in the 7th century BCE; the first complex one (with several wheels) was invented by the Greeks about 400 BCE. Archimedes perfected the existing technology, making the first fully-realized block and tackle. Whats a Machine? The first use of the word machine (machina) in Greek was by the ancient Greek poet Homer in the 8th century BCE, who used it to refer to political manipulation. The Greek playwright Aeschylus (523–426 BCE) is credited with using the word in reference to theatrical machines such as the deus ex machina or god from a machine. This machine was a crane that brought actors playing gods onto the stage. Sources and Further Reading Bautista Paz, Emilio, et al. A Brief Illustrated History of Machines and Mechanisms. Dordrecht, Germany: Springer, 2010. Print.Ceccarelli, Marco. Contributions of Archimedes on Mechanics and Design of Mechanisms. Mechanism and Machine Theory 72 (2014): 86–93. Print.Chondros, Thomas G. Archimedes Life Works and Machines. Mechanism and Machine Theory 45.11 (2010): 1766–75. Print.PIsano, Raffaele, and Danilo Capecchi. On Archimedean Roots in Torricellis Mechanics. The Genius of Archimedes: 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science, and Engineering. Eds. Paipetis, Stephans A. and Marco Ceccarelli. Proceedings of an International Conference Held at Syracuse, Italy, June 8–10, 2010. Dordrecht, Germany: Springer, 2010. 17–28. Print.Waters, Shaun, and George A. Aggidis. Over 2000 Years in Review: Revival of the Archimedes Screw from Pump to Turbine. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 51 (2015): 497–505. Print.

Enterprice system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enterprice system - Essay Example Therefore, client-server systems can definitely help them in making effective use of client-server technology. However, increased dependence on the centralized server is a disadvantage of such models because if the server goes down, the entire network of computers becomes unable to work. b) Thin-Client Model The thin client technology also provides server-based computing facility to companies (Kumar 2007). There is a browser terminal or a central server from which all other computers can access required information, as well as can do required work through sharing. Companies can use either standalone or wireless thin clients to run their business processes. The purpose of the technology is to facilitate businesses through reducing the total cost of ownership and providing easy and efficient usage. The main advantages of using think clients are security, efficient use of resources, and low cost (Kumar 2007). The main disadvantage of this technology is that not is not designed for heavy tasks. Answer No. 2 a) Risks to Data Integrity of Distributed Databases â€Å"A distributed database is a database that is split over multiple hardware devices but managed by a central database controller† (Holmes n.d.). A distributed database means division of a database into different physical units separated by business or geographical regions. Some of the main advantages of using distributed databases in business include better control of resources and improved business performances. However, the risks associated with data integrity of distributed databases include accuracy of stored data and the risk of unauthorized access to spoil or alter the stored data. b) Strategies to Overcome Risks The first strategy that can be used to overcome such risks include double checking the database for database integrity, domain integrity, and referential integrity before and after making changes to the data. The second strategy is using authentication of the people trying to log on to the network. Using this feature, only officials are provided with passwords and biometrics that they can use to prove their identity, as well as to make secure use of the distributed network. Authentication is done to make the network safe by stopping and preventing unauthorized attempts to the network. Answer No. 3 Groupware is a term that refers to specialized software applications that help members of a group in sharing and synchronizing business information, as well as in communicating with each other in an effective manner. â€Å"Groupware can allow both geographically dispersed team members and a company's on-site workers to collaborate with each other through the use of computer networking technologies† (Pinola, n.d.). Some of the main groupware technologies that are widely used in companies include shared Microsoft Office applications, email systems, video conferencing, electronic whiteboard, and instant messaging through messengers. All of these techniologies help e mployees in communicating with eah other regardig every business matter. These technologies also increase business efficency, as well as employee productivity. Therefore, the statement that helps in icnreasing on-going coordination between people is true. Answer No. 4 ICT, Information and Communication Technology, refers to every such technology that deals with electronic transfer of information from one point to another (Singleton 2010). The information exchange

Advertising - Merging Visual Presentation with Sound Effects Research Paper

Advertising - Merging Visual Presentation with Sound Effects - Research Paper Example The poorly lit background that is graced with a shoe rack guarantees these types of vermin with an ideal hiding place. In the middle of this print advertisement is Spiderman’s arm sprawling across the floor. At the foreground of the piece is Baygon spray. Position Statement So picturesque is the piece of advert that it invokes the issue question on whether a visual argument can be as effective as a verbal one. However, without any controversy, it is true that visual arguments are equally effective as their verbal counterparts, if not more. Audience analysis The nature of the advertisement makes it obvious that the target audience is the general public. This is because the general public is susceptible to unwanted household insects and therefore serves as both the potential and prospective market for Baygon spray. Again, the audience is the general public is a matter that is well underscored by the fact that the message appeals to both sexes and all ages. Claim Seeing that this Baygon insect spray advertisement has conveyed complete meaning on its own; just as people say that a picture is worth a thousand words, so it is that visual arguments and modes of communication can surpass their audio counterparts. Reasons There are several factors that cogently support the claim of visual arguments surpassing audio means of communication. First, visual presentation only orchestrates the elements that are necessary for human interpretation. For instance, since the shoe rack is pitted against a poorly lit background while the Baygon spray is placed in the foreground, one can know that the problem is that of indoor insects.  

Reigh by Elizabeth I Essay Example for Free

Reigh by Elizabeth I Essay By 1571, Elizabeth I had solved most of her internal and external problems that she had faced at the beginning of her reign? Assess the validity of this view In 1558 Elizabeth inherited a throne encumbered with various internal and external problems, due to the actions in previous reigns of the ‘little Tudors’. Internal problems referred to predicaments occurring in England and personal issues with the monarch, e.g. the religious settlement of Catholicism in Mary Tudors reign and rebellions posed a significant problem of domestic policy at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign. External problems refereed to dilemmas occurring outside of England, e.g. Mary’s loss of Calais in 1558 produced the external possibility of French invasion during Elizabeth’s reign. Along with debasement of the coinage and inflationary pressures, it is evident that Elizabeth was presented with formidable problems at the beginning of her reign. The first major internal problem faced by Elizabeth at the start of her reign was her gender. The idea of a female monarch met hostility in Tudor England and Elizabeth was faced with criticism by the Protestant preacher John Knox who wrote ‘to promote a woman to bear rule, superiority, dominion, or empire above any realm, nation or city is repugnant by nature and a insult to God.’ However Elizabeth overcame the issue of her gender in her appointment of administrators and management of political matters. Immediately after coming to the throne, Elizabeth successfully established her royal and political authority by appointing William Cecil as her principle secretary, a successful partnership in government which lasted 40 years. Elizabeth then appointed Thomas Parry as controller of the household and Robert Dudley as Master of the Horse. The appointment of her friends and supporters highlight that Elizabeth overcame her internal problem of her gender as Elizabeth had successfully established her authority, despite being a female queen she was supported by influentia l male figures, thus advocating to Tudor England that the her reign will not suffer from political instability as Edward VI and Mary I reigns did. Elizabeth was intelligent in not making any further appointments as it made political sense to keep speculation alive of Mary’s councillors being reappointed, a political motive that worked for Elizabeth as 9 of Mary councillors assured Elizabeth of their loyalty. Elizabeth then went on to reduce the number of privy councillors from 39 to 19, 10 of who had served Mary, and Elizabeth kept nobles such as the Earl of Winchester  who had long political experience and had shown his excellence as an exchequer. Reducing the number of privy councillors allowed policy making to be more efficient and created a form of collective responsibility and corporate decision making within the council, thus Elizabeth had solved the internal problem of her gender as her changes to the privy council also meant that no individual could exert huge amounts of influence over her and the fixed membership assured Elizabeth of the councillors loyalty, a issue which caused the downfall of Somerset in Edw ard VI’s reign. Thus this supports John Guys interpretation of Elizabeth that she ‘controlled her own policy more than any other Tudor’ and her ‘instinct to power was infallible’ Elizabeth further solved the issue of her gender by maintaining good relations with Parliament, Elizabeth managed some issues under royal prerogative and allowed all member of the privy council to play a role in the management of Parliament, especially Cecil who played a important role in the deliberations of the commons with C.Maccafrey describing Cecil as a ‘crowns manager of political business.’ The election of the speaker under Elizabeth’s was a strong political motive as it benefited the crown in enjoying management of the House of Commons. Thus Elizabeth had succeeded in maintaining a strong parliament; supported by John Guy view ‘legislative business was properly directed.’ Elizabeth further overcame her internal problem by using public relations to influence her political authority. At her coronation on the 15TH January Elizabeth was welcomed as Deborah ‘the judge and restorer of Israel’. To be likened to an influential female is evidence that Elizabeth overcame the issue of her gender at the beginning of her reign, as it highlights the public’s acceptance of her as Queen. However it is debated by a minority of revisionists that Elizabeth did not solve the internal problem of her gender at the beginning of her reign. This is due to the fact that during Elizabeth’s 45 year reign, Parliament only met for a total of 3 years, and 11 out of 13 parliamentary sessions were to ask for revenue. Thus this enforces the view that Elizabeth was unable to work with parliament, supported by the excessive use of royal prerogative over issues Elizabeth did not wish to discuss. It is further argued that Elizabeth did not solve the issue of her gender as she was over ruled by Cecil on many occasions, for example Cecil threatened to resign in 1560 if Engl and did not support him in Scottish policy. The issue of Bishop  Oglethorpe not elevating the host during Elizabeth’s coronation mass is further indication of the unsolved problems which were existent at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign. However I believe that Elizabeth did overcome the issue of her gender, as unlike previous monarchs, Elizabeth was never threatened to be overpowered by one of her administrators, and according to her tutor Roger Ascham ‘her mind had no womanly weakness, her perseverance is equal to that of a man’, thus this interpretation supports the fact that Elizabeth overcame the issue of her gender due to her abilities of choosing first rate advisors and having the remarkable gift of winning the devotion of the public. A further internal problem faced by Elizabeth at the start of her reign was the religious settlement after 1558. The legal status of the church had not been altered with the death of Queen Mary thus meaning that the English church remained in communion with th e Church of Rome, however Elizabeth was protestant. Thus Elizabeth solved the internal problem of religion through the introduction of the 1559 religious settlement. The act embraced two sets of parliament, the Act of Supremacy 1559 and the Act of Uniformity 1559. The Act of Supremacy restored the royal supremacy of the church which had been removed under Mary, the act replied heresy laws which had been revived under Mary and re-established communion in both kinds. The act further defined Elizabeth to be ‘Supreme Governor’ and not Supreme Head of the church, reflecting the assumption that only God could be head of the church. The act of Uniformity specified the use of a single Book of Common Prayer, specified that ‘ornaments of the church and of the ministers thereof’ should be those that were there I the second year of the reign of Edward VI and the act further laid down a punishment of a shilling for not attending church. The 1559 religious settlement also enforced the 1559 injunctions, which were a set of rules about the conduct of church services and the government of the church issued in the Queens name as the Supreme Governor. The first injunction stressed the ‘suppression of superstition’ (catholic practises such as candles). Thus the 1559 religious settlement highlight how Elizabeth overcame the issue of religion as there was a now uniformed principles of church services. Elizabeth overcame the issue of many bishops resigning due to not being able to take the Oath of Supremacy by appointing 27 new bishops, many of whom had opposed Mary’s religious policies and would support Elizabeth in the House of Lords.  The appointment of Matthew Parker as archbishop of Canterbury was a conscious strategy to reshape the hierarchy of England and further evidence that Elizabeth overcame the religious issue left by Mary. Elizabeth’s dislike of clerical marriage and prevention of musical culture in cathedrals and catholic colleges highlights the extent to which Elizabeth created a erastian nature of the church. Although it is argued that Elizabeth did not successfully resolve the internal issue of religion as according to historians such as Peter Lake the religious settlement had a two speed view, Elizabeth’s view that the settlement was final and complete and then the view of bishops that the settlement was simply a interim arrangement and full scale reform needed to be implemented. The religious settlement was not seen final by many historians as Neale argues that the Queen was conscious of the dangerous political situation with France, and therefore used the 1559 religious settlement to gain parliamentary confirmation of royal supremacy and delay any other significant changes in her reign. The puritan challenges to the settlement are further evidence of the religious settlement not being successful. The vestments controversy occurred due to failure of the convocation of Canterbury 1563 to secure reform, thus many bishops decided they did not wish to follow the rules of clerical dr ess outlined in the Act of Uniformity as they believed the albs and copes to be ‘popish’ and ‘superstitious’. Thus the Queen summoned Parker to enforce the rules, thus Parker threatened to remove preaching licences of anyone that did not obey and in 1566 issued the ‘Advertisements’. However 37 clergymen refused to sign and were deprived of their posts, this conflict expresses that Elizabeth did not solve the issue of religion as it highlighted that the Queen could not enforce her will in all respects and highlighted fundamental issues in the relationship of the Crown and the Church. However Elizabeth succeeded in her religious settlement and overcame her internal problem, she wished not to make ‘windows into men’s souls’ and thus allowed the survival of Catholics. An external problem faced by Elizabeth at the start of her reign was the issue of her marriage and succession. When Elizabeth inherited the throne in 1558, it was assumed that she would marry a prince and continue the Tudor line, as failure to marry would bring around a troubled succession. There were a number of suitors for Elizabeth, arguably her favourite being Robert Dudley of whom she arguably had a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœemotional dependency’ on, however the suspicious death of his wife Amy led to the marriage never occurring, which pleased Cecil who was horrified at the prospect of his own power and influence being eroded. Thus Elizabeth chose not to marry and not to choose a successor, however she overcame the internal problem of this. By remaining unmarried, her authority remained undiminished and Elizabeth maximized the diplomatic advantages from the prolonged marriage negotiations. She used marriage talks as a form of foreign policy, e.g. marriage talks with the Habsburgs minimised the possible Catholic backlash to her Religious Settlement, and she gained financial benefits from Eric of Sweden. Not naming a successor also had benefits for Elizabeth, as it avoided any factions arising in the privy council and any unnecessary competitions for influence and power, as Elizabeth once commented ‘if my successor were known to the world, I would never esteem my state to be safe†. Although it can be argued that as Elizabeth died the virgin queen, she did not solve the issue of her marriage and succession due to never being married. As Elizabeth did not produce her own natural protestant heir, Elizabeth faced real threats from Mary Queen of Scots. Many English Catholics supported Mary’s claim to the throne and when Mary arrived in England there were several plots to dethrone or assassinate Elizabeth including the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Although after Elizabeth’s death, James Stewart inherited the throne in a unchallenged succession, thus Elizabeth had solved the problem. The issue of foreign policy was Elizabeth’s biggest external problem during her reign. Elizabeth had inherited the throne at a time where finances were weak, with Sir John Mason declaring ‘our state can no longer bear these wars’. Thus Elizabeth wanted to secure Calais and conclude peace with the Scottish Queen as Elizabeth commented that â €˜the greatest burden of these wars resteth uponth Scotland’. Thus Elizabeth resolved issues of foreign policy in her reign by the signing of the Chaetae Cambersis in 1559 which brought peace along England, Scotland, France and Spain, France would retain Calais for eight years and then would be returned to England providing England had kept peace. However external problems of foreign policy occurred again after the death of Henry II who was succeeded by his son Francis who was married to Mary Queen of Scots. This led to a strong guise faction in France who sought to make Scotland an instrument of French policy making.. Thus England was  faced with the threat of invasion from Scotland and France. However Elizabeth resolved this issue by sending the Navy to the firth of forth to block French reinforcements from landing and sending an army to Leith where the bulk of the French force were situated. Elizabeth’s intervention meant the siege failed, and in 1560 the Treaty of Edinburgh was signed which forced Mary Queen of Scots to recognise E lizabeth as Queen and effectively weakened the Franco-Scottish alliance. Elizabeth had also succeeded in foreign policy with Spain as she avoided having a civil war with Spain, the policy of harassment by taking money from Spanish ships in Cornwell and Devon strengthened England’s finances. However it can be argued that Elizabeth did not solve the issue of foreign policy, Anglo Spanish and Anglo Dutch relations came to a halt after the Spanish harassments meaning that loyalty with Phillip had disintegrated thus Phillip began to support plots against Elizabeth such as the Ridolfi plot and the 1569 Northern Rebellion. Although I believe Elizabeth did solve her external problem to a small extent, as relations were improved but would still be another 14 years until Elizabeth could feel secure from threats to English stability. Thus at the end of her 45 year long reign, it is concrete to state that Elizabeth did successfully conquer most of her external and internal problems she faced at the beginning of her reign. Known as the ‘Golden Age’ by many historians Elizabeth was able to establish a secure Church of England and her reign also saw significant expansion overseas. Great explorers were encouraged such as Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Sir John Hawkins. She achieved an excellent reputation as a good and wise ruler, who was truly loved by her people she was highly accomplished in the art of rhetoric and Public Relations Queen Elizabeth I surrounded herself with highly intelligent and loyal advisors such as Sir William Cecil, Sir Francis Walsingham and Sir Robert Cecil who gave her sound political advice and unlike the reigns of Edward and Mary, Elizabeth was able to expand overseas. Thus the internal and external problems at the beginning of reign soon became insignificant hurdles for the great queen, whose monarch is still described by historians today to be the greatest monarch in England.

Vikings Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

VIKINGS EINHERJAR – THE CHOSEN ONES Kenneth Dunn History 115 Professor Gordon â€Å"Never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we have now suffered from a pagan race. †¦ Behold, the church of St. Cuthbert, spattered with the blood of the priests of God, despoiled of all its ornaments; a place more venerable than all in Britain is given as a prey to pagan peoples." - Alcuin of York, in a letter to Ethelred, King of Northumbria in England. Vikings were a truly diverse and fascinating people. As they rode the waves of the Atlantic Ocean to many different lands, the warriors struck terror into the hearts of people throughout the many countries they raided. Just the sight of the long, carved beasts at the bows of their ships slinking toward the shores through the mist was enough weaken even the strongest soul. However, while being vicious, inhumane barbarians, a different lifestyle prevailed in their homelands as they faced the same daily struggles as any other society. They were farmers, traders, explorers, and accomplished shipbuilders. There followed laws and customs for which there were punishments if those laws were not followed. They prayed to their Gods and loved their families. In the end, the Vikings traveled over most of the world and left a lasting impression that still excites our imaginations to this day. Social Structure and Aspects of Everyday Life of the Vikings By Wendy Latimore Vikings were a fierce and barbaric society†¦.or were they? Most Vikings were farmers and traders. They hunted and fished and grew the foods they needed to sustain their families. According to Ingmar Jansson, a professor of archaeology at Stockholm University in Sweden, "The Norsemen were not just warriors, they were farmers, artists, shipbuilders, and innovators. More than anything, they were excellent traders who connected peoples fr... ...Viking Heritage 2005, viking.hgo.se/Files/VikHeri/Viking_Age/end.html, retrieved June 15, 2005. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings. Edited by Peter Sawyer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. The Viking Network. The Vikings: Who Were the Vikings: Everyday Life: Viking Women. http://www.viking.no/e/life/ewomen.htm. 15 April 2000. (retrieved June 29, 2005) Travel Through the Ireland Story . . . The Vikings, www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/pre_norman/history/vikings.html, retrieved June 16, 2005. â€Å"Vikings,† Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2005, encarta.msn.com 1997-2005. Microsoft Corporation. â€Å"Viking Religion† BBCi History. bbc.co.uk/history/ 2001. British Broadcasting Corporation. Siddorn, K., Williamson R. Viking Ship Building, http://www.regia.org/ships/Ships1.htm. â€Å"Vikings.† Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 1997-2005. encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561500_1____5/Vikings.html#s5 retrieved June 21, 2005. Viking Traveling Rout[e]s, www.arild-hauge.com/eraids.htm, retrieved June 16, 2005.

Learning Community Essay

Nowadays the popularity of online learning is swiftly increasing and more students prefer distance learning to traditional as it offers certain benefits. Walden University offers students opportunities to receive highly-qualified education and to save time on other important things as job, families, etc. What is Walden University? Walden University is an accredited institution which provides engaging learning experience both for professionals and non-professionals. The mission of the University learning community is to attract extraordinary students and to make positive social impact. Learning Community is represented by diverse and vibrant faculty and dedicated students. Faculty members are able to enrich online learning community offering wide range of experiential and educational backgrounds. All members are gifted mentors and highly-talented teachers who are fully committed to University’s core values and mission – to provide educational accesses, social change and professional excellence. Moreover, members of learning community teach the values of integrity and quality. Students of learning community are mid-career professionals who are willing to gain professional achievement and to remain dedicated to lifelong learning. All students are allowed to exchange their ideas and to share diverse perspectives with other faculty members, as well as with fellow students nationwide. It becomes apparent that relationships within community are professional and, at the same time, friendly-oriented. Further, faculty and staff at Walden University will help to balance education with professional and personal commitments. Essential resources are available for mastering skills: Writing Center, world-class library, tutoring, etc. Scholar-practitioners develop all degree programs and they continually visit courses to make sure they possess all modern updates relevant to profession chosen. Learning community offers also international perspective. Every student becomes a member of international community with more than 270,000 members online. More than 50 campuses are in 16 countries. Every student may enter the Laureate International Network and to be provided with excellent opportunity to expand international viewpoint and to apply obtained knowledge to professional life. The most important moment to admit is that Walden University learning community strongly believes that knowledge is the most valuable as it is the most effective way work for greater good. In other words, Walden University calls for social changes. Students and faculty members are willing to improve social and human conditions. They create ideas how to promote individual development, as well as development of organizations, communities and society as a whole. The goal of learning community is to help students to become scholar-practitioners and to conduct scholarly researches in the chosen field. The mission is to provide diverse learning community with friendly-oriented relations and with the opportunity to become scholar-practitioners. It is necessary to underline that learning community of Walden University has influenced both my professional life and the life of the whole society as Walden University promotes the values of knowledge, integrity, quality, honesty and fairness which are the most important in contemporary world. I can apply knowledge not only to critical societal challenges, but also to advance the greater good and social relations. I really appreciate the Walden University offers entirely online courses as it offers certain benefits for me. To be a member of society means being concerned with everyday human relations, emotions and interpersonal skills and Walden learning community gives such a chance. Financial benefits of online courses are ability to save money spent on housing, transportation and food and ability to keep part-time as well as full-time job at the same time. Walden University gives and excellent opportunity to be involved into interactive teamwork between students’ groups i. e. ability to correspond with other students from different parts of the world. Walden University offers modern way of learning which gives an opportunity to master skills and to save time on family, friends and job. References Online Degree: About Walden University. Retrieved June 10, 2008, from http://info. waldenu. edu/aboutwalden. php Walden University: Official Website. Retrieved June 10, 2008, from http://www. waldenu. edu/ Walden University: Online Degree Programs. Retrieved June 10, 2008, from http://www. worldwidelearn. com/waldenu/index. php

Goff Computer

Goff Computer, INC. Martin Teal BUS 650 Managerial Finance Instructor Scott Shaw October 15, 2012 Goff Computer, INC. Goff Computer, INC has been around for about eight years and has over seventy stores. Goff Computer, INC had $97 million in sales last year and wants to know what the cost of capital is. In order to answer this several steps have to be taken which include comparing the company to Dell and how they work. Dell is a major computer company and they build the computers to fit the customer’s needs and demands. The task at hand for Goff Computer , INC is to determine its cost of capital.There are several steps that must be done to get to the end result. Step 1 gives directions on how to obtain the beginning information needed about Dell. Step 2 asks several questions and the responses are: * The most recent stock price is $18. 16 * The market capitalization for Dell is 32. 62B * Dell currently has 1. 8B shares outstanding * The beta for Dell is 1. 33 * The yield on 3- month Treasury bill is . 865% * The cost of equity using CAPM is 16. 71% Step 3 instructs to go to www. reuters. com and find the competitors. However, there are none listed Step 4 instructs to calculate the cost of debt for Dell by going to cxa. arketwtch. com/finra/BondCenter/Dfault. aspx DELL. GJ yield to maturity . 754%| DELL. GF . 911%| DELL. GL. 724%| DELL. GP0%| DELL. GO. 946%| | | | | | Step 5 asks about the weighted cost and the book value weights. The book value is higher. Step 6 is the real question asking what the potential problems are and what suggestions I would have. The potential problems that I see when it comes to comparing the company to Dell are that Dell is a larger company and so things are different and constantly changing for them.Dell is more stable and has loyal customers so they can afford to take more risk as well. The only improvement that I can offer Goff Computer is to not try and follow a large company. They are building their own successful company. Therefore they should set their own trend that sets them apart from the competition. References Ross, S. , & Westerfield, R. , Jaffe, J. , & Jordan, B. (2011). Corporate finance: Core principles and applications (3rd ed. ). Boston, MD

US Involvement in Southeast Asia essays

US Involvement in Southeast Asia essays Through a good portion of the 20th century, the US had many different forms of involvement in Southeast Asia. During this time, the United States was under the leadership of several different presidents. Therefore, the foreign policy, especially concerning Southeast Asia and Vietnam, was constantly changing. The first president to deal with communism in foreign countries was President Harry Truman. This started in 1945 when Truman adopted the policy of containment. The objective was to prevent communism from spreading around the world. Truman wanted to target Southeast Asia in particular because with so many little neighboring countries, they were the most vulnerable to falling to communism. Then from 1952-1960 Eisenhower took over the leadership of the US as president. Eisenhower stayed with Trumans theme of containment but added his own theories into the policy. Eisenhower adopted something called the Domino Theory. This meant that it was thought that if one country in Southeast Asia fell to communism, they all would just like dominos in a row. This theory led to the first actual US involvement in Southeast Asia. In 1930 Ho Chi Minh started the first communist party in Vietnam. At that point in time Vietnam was a French colony. However, Ho Chi Minh started the movement to get rid of France and have their own free country. Because of Eisenhowers Domino Theory, the US sent money to aid France in fighting the Vietnamese in order to prevent communism from spreading. Despite the attempts to stop Ho Chi Minh, France was defeated in 1954. The Geneva Conference was held in order to decide the future of Vietnam. The plan called the Geneva Accords was that Vietnam would be divided at the 38th parallel (the Line of Demarcation), foreign troops would leave in two years, and in two years Vietnam would be unified and a free election would be held for the entire free nation. However, ...

College Admissions Diversity Essay Sample and Critique

College Admissions Diversity Essay Sample and Critique This example of a college admissions personal essay fits  option #1 of the current Common Application: Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it.  If this sounds like you, then please share your story. Carrie focuses on the issue of diversity and how her Goth identity could contribute to the richness of her campus community. Carries Common Application Essay on Diversity Give Goth a Chance When I sat down to write this essay, I tried, as my high school English teacher always instructed, to imagine the audience for my writing. The more I thought about it, the more I pitied the college admissions screeners who would be reading a thousand essays on diversity. Along with the expected takes on race and ethnicity, how many of those essays would present their authors as outcasts, loners, kids who didn’t fit in at his or her school? How could I present myself as someone unique and interesting - strange, even - without falling prey to the clichà © of the self-pitying social misfit? Let me be direct: in some ways, I am the antithesis of what one might picture as a student who contributes to campus diversity. I am white, middle-class, and heterosexual; I have no physical handicaps or mental challenges apart from a tendency towards sarcasm. But when I receive college brochures picturing smiling, clean-cut teens dressed in the latest from Abercrombie Fitch and lounging on a blanket in the sun, I think, those people are not like me. Simply put, I am a Goth. I wear black, lots of it. I have piercings and ear gauges and tattoos. My hair, naturally the same sandy blonde that the rest of my family shares, is dyed jet, sometimes highlighted in streaks of purple or scarlet. I rarely smile, and I don’t do sun. If I were inserted into those brochure photographs of typical college students, I would look like a vampire stalking her wholesome prey. Again, I am imagining my reading audience, and I can almost see my readers’ eyes roll. So you’re a little weird, kid. How does that contribute to campus diversity? Well, I think I contribute plenty. Diversity goes beyond the physical; race or ethnicity might be the first things one thinks of, but really, it is a question of what makes someone the person that he or she is. Diversity might be considered in terms of economic or geographical background, life experiences, religion, sexual orientation, and even personal interests and general outlook. In this respect, my Goth identity contributes a perspective that is far different from the mainstream. Being Goth isn’t just about physical appearance; it’s a way of life that  includes not only individual tastes in music, literature, and popular culture, but also particular beliefs about philosophy, spirituality, and a range of other human issues. To give just one example, I am planning to major in Environmental Studies, and while it might seem odd to picture a ghoulishly-dressed girl who adores the natural world, it was my Goth outlook that led me to this academic interest. I read voraciously, and am drawn to subject matter that is somewhat dark; the more I read about humanity’s impact on the planet and the near-apocalyptic dangers posed by global climate change, pollution, overpopulation, the manipulation of the food supply and other environmental threats, the more interested I became, and the more determined that I should become involved. I, along with other members of my school’s Environmental Club, started a campus recycling program, and lobbied our superintendent to install in all classrooms power strips that are used to easily shut down equipment such as printers and computers at the end of the day, thereby conserving energy and generating significant savings for our school. I was drawn to this dark subjec t matter of environmental crisis, not to wallow in it or savor the Schadenfreude, but to change it and make the world a better place. I know Goths look a little funny, as we wear our ebony trench coats in seventy-degree weather. I know we seem a little odd as we gather in shady nooks to discuss the latest episode of True Blood. I know professors may sigh as we swell the enrollments of poetry and art classes. Yes, we’re different. And we - I - have a lot to contribute. Critique of Carries Essay on Identity or Diversity Writing about identity or diversity for the  Common Application essay presents a writer with specific challenges. In broader terms, however, all college admissions essays must accomplish a specific task: the admissions folks will be looking not just for good writing skills, but also evidence that the writer has the intellectual curiosity, open-mindedness, and strength of character necessary to be a contributing and successful member of the campus community. Carries essay succeeds on this front. Essay Title In general, Carries title works fine. It clearly captures the subject of the essay - approaching Goth with an open mind. Also, the allusion to John Lennons Give Peace a Chance  is appropriate given the songs message about acceptance and understanding. Its not a title that is highly original, and it isnt the best hook for grabbing the readers attention, but it is still a solid title.  The best essay titles  often strive for clarity, not cleverness. Essay Topic Carrie takes a risk in her essay. When you read advice about college admissions interviews, youll often be told to dress somewhat conservatively, get rid of the pink hair and remove all but the most innocuous piercings. The danger of looking too far out of the norm is that you may encounter an admissions officer who isnt open-minded or who feels disturbed or uncomfortable with your appearance. While you dont want to cater to peoples biases, you also dont want to diminish your chances of getting into college. Carrie, however, isnt one to tone down her identity during the admissions process. Her essay blatantly states this is who I am, and she makes it the job of the reader to overcome his or her preconceptions. There is a slight danger that she will get a reader who refuses to accept the Goth culture Carrie describes, but most readers will love the way Carrie approaches her topic as well as her straight-shooting style. The essay has a level of maturity and self-confidence that the reader will find attractive. Also, the reader is likely to be impressed by the way that Carrie imagines her audiences reaction. She has clearly encountered prejudice before, and she preempts it when she imagines the admissions folks reading her essay. Choice of Essay Prompt The current Common Application essay option #1  is a smart choice for Carries topic, for the essay certainly is about a central part of her identity. Carrie clearly shows how she will add an interesting and desirable element to the campus community. The essay demonstrates that she has thought about identity and diversity, that she is open-minded, and that she has a thing or two to teach others about their preconceptions and biases. She weaves in enough details about her passions and accomplishments to debunk any knee-jerk assumptions a reader might make about a Goth. The share your story essay prompt is wonderfully broad, and it can lead to a range of topics. An essay on ones love of crafts to ones non-traditional home situation can all work with Common Application option #1. Essay Tone Carries essay approaches her topic seriously, but it also has a pleasing smattering of humor. Little phrases like I dont do sun, and, a tendency towards sarcasm capture Carries personality in an economical manner that will also get a nice chuckle from her readers. In general, the essay has a great balance of seriousness and playfulness, of quirkiness and intellect. The Quality of the Writing The quality of the writing in this essay is superb, and it is even more impressive because Carrie is going into the sciences, not the humanities where we might expect to see stronger writing. The essay has no grammatical errors, and some of the short, punchy phrases reveal a high level of rhetorical sophistication. If you take apart the essay sentence by sentence, youll notice a huge variety in sentence length and structure. The admissions officers will immediately recognize Carrie as someone who has a mastery of language and is prepared for college-level writing. The length of the essay is right near the 650-word limit, but thats fine. Her essay is neither wordy nor repetitive. The essays by  Lora  and  Sophie  are both strong, but both could use some cutting and revising to get the length down. Carrie writes economically; every word counts. Final Thoughts Think about the impression you have when you finish reading Carries essay. You feel that you  have gotten to know her. She is someone with an offbeat appearance, but she is wonderfully comfortable with who she is. The self-confidence and self-awareness demonstrated in the essay will certainly impress her readers. Carries essay teaches her reader something, and the mastery of language is remarkable. Admissions officers are likely to finish the essay thinking three things: They want to get to know Carrie better.They think Carrie would make a positive contribution to the campus community.Carries reasoning and writing skills are already at the college level. In short, Carrie has written a winning  Common Application essay. Carrie comes across as an intelligent and likable woman who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways. Also, her essay gets at the heart of her unique personal story - theres nothing generic about what she has written, so the essay will stand out from the crowd.

ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

ETHICS - Essay Example Ethics or doing what is right is expressed in the company’s corporate social responsibility and is the core value that drives and animates it. While ethics resides in the abstract of ideals of intending to do the right thing, corporate social responsibility on the other hand materializes this ideal through concrete acts in the various operations of the business. Ethics in a business context however is easier said than done and we need not to research far on how the lack of it can make a company wayward such as the examples of Enron, Worldcom and many others. This explain ethics needs to be integrated in the business organization’s strategic plan. Putting in practice to produce the ideal behavior of an organization and its employees can be a challenge and this can be possible by integrating ethics right at the core of the strategic plan. Business, with its profit motive when left unchecked has the tendency to resort to unethical practice to realize it profit motive and t his can only be prevented by enunciating at the core of company’s values and strategies that it will do business ethically. Finocchio, the former CEO and chairman of Informix Corp., expressed how ethics is can concretely integrate into the company’s strategic plan and ultimately, in the business practices through its socially responsible acts. He prescribed that â€Å"ethics should be part of the company's mission statement, long-term strategic plan, public pronouncements, and codes of conduct†. This is the only way to make ethics a "cornerstone of the organizational culture" by integrating it in the core of the strategic plan right at the definition of the most basic question of the business such as â€Å"what do we stand for? What is our purpose? What values do we have?† (Schulman, 2012). The integration of ethics in the strategic plan would reinforce ideal behavior that the company intends to have and will enable the company to project a positive image through their socially responsible acts that inspires confidence among its various stakeholders that would enhance its bottom line as a business enterprise. II. Explain ethical perspective has evolved throughout the program The changing business landscape and the demands of the business various stakeholders has changed the ethical perspective from a mere prerogative to a business imperative. This is express in company’s Corporate Social Responsibility not an addition to a company’s PR work but a tangible business practice whereby a company does not only conforms with the minimum requirement of the regulatory agencies but also consciously exercise an ethical business practice. Corporate social responsibility has also an economic value. When CRM is integrated in a company’s culture, it reinforces that desired behavior that support the objective of having a good brand that would enable the company project a positive image that could ultimately led to the publicâ⠂¬â„¢s confidence and therefore enhance the company’s bottom line. In short, being ethical is more profitable for a business not to mention that the company is relieved not only from government prosecution and fines because it always does what is right but also as a competitive advantage because customers now tend to patronize companies who are ethical. Gone are times when business has to be callous in

Neurontin lawsuit against Pfizer Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Neurontin lawsuit against Pfizer - Term Paper Example One of the major drawbacks of American healthcare system is that doctors are free to prescribe drugs for uses not approved by the FDA. But manufacturers are prohibited from marketing the drugs for such uses that they have not established are safe and effective (Neurontin Lawsuit Results in $142M in Damages Against Pfizer). Pfizer exploited this law very well. They canvassed the doctors with the help of lavish briberies and forced them to prescribe this medicine for uses other than the one prescribed by FDA. Pfizer with their immense monopoly in the drug manufacturing department, used every mean to sell this drug for uses other than the one approved by FDA. It is difficult for the people to analyse each and every medicine prescribed by the doctors against the FDA regulations. People put 100% confidence in the abilities of the doctors whom they are consulting and what ever the medicines prescribed by them will be used by the people without further evaluation. Pfizer knows this fact very well and they tried to canvas reputed doctors in order to sell their medicines. Doctors on the other hand, have forgotten the medical ethics and the basic responsibilities of their profession. Changing life styles and increasing family expenses forced them to accept bribes from all corners. Pfizer mainly focussed on recruiting sales personnel who was able to canvas the doctors for executing their mission. The relationships between a patient and a doctor were a divine one earlier. It was a common belief that a doctor always try to save the life of a patient. The first priority of the medical profession is to save the life of patients at any cost.

Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television(TRT) Research Paper

Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television(TRT) - Research Paper Example They include, TRT 1 (general), TRT 2 (culture and art) and TRT 3 (youth channel with sports and music programs and live broadcasts from the Turkish National Grand Assembly at definite hours). All together the paper focuses on the television news power discourse that is state-owned, significantly presenting an essentialist image of identity which does not echo the complexity of the members of the public it claims to describe. This research addresses the power of the media, through a number of practices in the selected 3 recent television news broadcast in TRT which clearly shows that TRT is not an objective television, it is serving for the power not public, not free from bias. This is for the purposes of expanding the boundaries for enclosure of the members of the public. Introduction In the present day, there is need to gather, formulate information on the regulation, ownership, accessibility, performance in addition to projections for creating broadcast amendments. The significant factor for undertaking this research is to contribute to the Turkish consolidation. Many nations have made significant achievements in creating democratic systems of governance based on popular control of the media and whereby members of the public are provided with information without bias. ... Such amendments arise from developing global standards on the subject of media and news media particularly. In its straightforward definition of public broadcasting service is a broadcaster that provides services to the members of the public entirely and is responsible to the members of the public in general. In spite of that, in most scenarios the term public broadcaster is in actual fact regarded as a state broadcaster. This research targets to enable the process of giving support to turning of TRT (Turkish Radyo and Television) into public broadcasters worthy of the name. The research on Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television (TRT) begins from the hypothesis that growth and democracy cannot succeed devoid of open and free public space where all factors concerning lives of the members of an audience can be made public and debated. This means that the members of the public can get a chance to play a role in making decisions in the society and the country at larg e via TRT. According to Amartya Sen, a Nobel Prize Laureate, democracy is â€Å"governance by dialogue†. Sen describes democracy as implemented by the media as governing by means of dialogue where broadcasters are ideally placed to make this dialogue process possible by offering the space for it. This is based on whether their services are available, self-regulating, and reliable and open to the complete range of varying views (Hampton & Roemer, 21). Subsequent to this hypothesis, the significant goal of this research is to find out whether and to what extent news broadcasting on TRT can and do create this kind of free public space with distinctive focus given to the selected 3 recent

What makes your workplace work well Essay Example for Free

What makes your workplace work well Essay Nowadays, we live in an extremely large and intricate world which is mainly characterized by a wide variety of continuous and unpredictable changes. With that, there are factors that would affects work in every way, either advantages and disadvantages to people and workplace. No one can deny that whenever a person look for a job, whatever work it is, they think of what the future holds for them . Primarily, financial stability is the most essential of all. If the salary is not adequate to live each day and to meet the demands of the person and be able to prosper and enjoy life, then that individual is not satisfied. Secondarily, the benefits that the employee receive from the organization, the role and responsibility and personal interest of the employee towards work and working environment is also essential. Like for example, the lack of manpower and teamwork that is unfriendly colleagues will result to conflicts, miscommunications and misunderstandings does makes it more exhausting and stressful. . The location of work, where someone lives 100 miles away from home also matters. Weather and Climate changes thus also contribute. The lack of orientation and training to employees will make a difference to how you deliver your skills. Another factor are the employee’s culture and educational background, that has involves several adjustments to work environment. In addition, the heavy workload, long hours and demanding tasks. And, Not getting enough time to spend with friends and family. With the current situation in my workplace, working in a medical field and in the hospital demands my time including my attention and care to patients. Sometimes patient’s care are compromised because of the additional paper works and which is sometimes not necessary. The lack of staffs and the movement to different areas which we are not familiar with. New and changes to policy and procedure introduced and its strict compliance brings stress  to mind. Going home physically and emotionally tired and exhausted, leading to depression, long time sickness from work and not only that, the freezing increase in salary nationwide adds up to stress. However, if problems tackled properly within work, organising task and priorities and got substantial support from each other, working together as a team will ease work difficulties. As well as, support from the people with higher rank who should listens and acknowledges efforts, hard work and appreciates and rewards is very satisfying. Furthermore, good and clear communication within the people in the organization is vital and would make the employees more competent and productive worker. Therefore, as a working individual wherever and whatever things that involves work, it is believed that there a variety of factors the influences work and are extremely important. It is proved that personal interest like having new goals, dreams or simply taking some risk in life and adjust fully to changes, and a organized work environment is will certainly produces productivity and profitability and will have a healthier and better lives.

Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

Role of Women in Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart portrays Africa, particularly the Ibo society, right before the arrival of the white man. Things Fall Apart analyzes the destruction of African culture by the appearance of the white man in terms of the destruction of the bonds between individuals and their society. Achebe, who teaches us a great deal about Ibo society and translates Ibo myth and proverbs, also explains the role of women in pre-colonial Africa. In Things Fall Apart, the reader follows the trials and tribulations of Okonkwo, a tragic hero whose tragic flaw includes the fact that "his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and weakness." (16) For Okonkwo, his father Unoka embodied the epitome of failure and weakness. Okonkwo was taunted as a child by other children when they called Unoka agbala. Agbala could either mean a man who had taken no title or "woman." Okonkwo hated anything weak or frail, and his descriptions of his tribe and the members of his family show that in Ibo society anything strong was likened to man and anything weak to woman. Because Nwoye, his son by his first wife, reminds Okonkwo of his father Unoka he describes him as woman-like. After hearing of Nwoye's conversion to the Christianity, Okonkwo ponders how he, "a flaming fire could have begotten a son like Nwoye, degenerate and effeminate" (143)? On the other hand, his daughter Ezinma "should have been a boy." (61) He favored her the mos t out of all of his children, yet "if Ezinma had been a boy [he] would have been happier." (63) After killing Ikemefuna, Okonkwo, who cannot understand why he is so distraught, asks himself, "When did you become a shivering old woman?" (62) When his tribe looks as if they are not going to fight against the intruding missionaries, Okonkwo remembers the "days when men were men." (184) In keeping with the Ibo view of female nature, the tribe allowed wife beating . The novel describes two instances when Okonkwo beats his second wife, once when she did not come home to make his meal. He beat her severely and was punished but only because he beat her during the Week of Peace. He beat her again when she referred to him as one of those "guns that never shot." When a severe case of wife beating comes before the egwugwu, hefound in favor of the wife.

Gaining And Maintaining Airworthiness Engineering Essay

Aircraft design procedure involved in varied subjects such as aeromechanicss, constructions, flight mechanics etc. Therefore, for an aircraft to go operational it is indispensable to show that the building and design of the aircraft can follow with the demands applicable and such confirmation and proof grounds required to be delegated to the relevant governments. This study introduces ‘Airworthiness ‘ and provides the reader the model involved in deriving airworthiness and how to keep it later.IntroductionConsideration of airworthiness policies has its beginnings since the early yearss of military flight. But aircraft design informations has been recorded prior to 1910 for balloons and the Royal Aircraft Factory has produced a design demand papers in 1916. The Aerial Navigation Act that is countenance by the Home Office in 1911 to censor winging in populated countries is an early illustration of safety ordinance. Airworthiness Department has been established decennary subsequently by the Royal Aircraft Factory ( as portion of the Air Ministry ) , which is the beginning of processs for company design blessings and approved informations. Aircraft airworthiness means conformity with applicable air power governments ordinances that defines the minimal safety degree of the aircraft, of the riders transported and the over flown districts. When designed and built harmonizing to applicable demands ‘ , When operated within its ‘ intended environment and within its ‘ quantified and declared restrictions, And maintained in conformity with processs acceptable to the responsible Authority. The European Aviation Safety Agency ( EASA ) Regulation 216/2008, Article 5, 2 ( degree Celsius ) defines the airworthiness as ; â€Å" Each aircraft shall be issued with an single certification of airworthiness when it is shown that it conforms to the type design approved in its type-certificate and that relevant certification, reviews and trials demonstrate the aircraft is in status for safe operation † The Airworthiness is a corporate duty of operators, governments, industries and care administrations. An airworthy aircraft is one where the likeliness of any incident or accident as a consequence of malfunction, public presentation or handling of the aircraft is kept to acceptable degrees. The lone existent step of airworthiness in usage is given by tracking and analysing incidents and accidents. The staying subdivisions will discourse the kernel of â€Å" Gaining and Maintaining Airworthiness † .Figure 01: Airworthiness – Corporate DutiesExecution of AirworthinessAuthority ( EASA ) assurance that the design of a merchandise complies with the applicable demands based on Certification of the administration ( IR 21 – DOA ) & A ; Certification of the design of merchandises ( CS 25 – Technetium )DO ApprovalHarmonizing to European Aviation Safety Agency ( EASA ) , Design Organisation Approval ( DOA ) demands Implementing Rule ( IR ) portion 21 ( published as e xtension to European Commission Regulation ( EC ) No 1702/2003 ) includes procedural demands applicable either to the industry ( Section A ) or to the Competent Authorities ( Section B ) but Part 21 does non include commissariats to depute EASA authorization and / or signature to persons. â€Å" Certification of aircraft and related merchandises, parts and contraptions, and of design and production administrations † Administrations must show following cardinal elements in order to obtain DO Approval. Design Assurance System Handbook Right Peoples Footings of Blessing Duties of the holderFigure 02 – DOA Key ElementssDesign Organisation Approval ( DOA ) – Administration StructureFollowing diagram illustrates a simplified administration construction showing the indispensable elements in an aircraft design and fabrication administration.Figure 03: Design Administration StructureChief Executive Officer ( CEO ) : Responsible for appropriate operation of the work topographic point by guaranting handiness of needed resources. Designated Certification Specialist ( DCS ) : Airworthiness specializer nominated for a given subject ( ATA or Sub-ATA degree or for Approved Manuals ) to transport out the enfranchisement undertakings, in peculiar to pull off the conformity presentation activities for their sphere. Part of the airworthiness map and act under the control of Product Integrity. Certification Manager ( CM ) Certification panel leaders for their country of competency, Participate in the development of new enfranchisement schemes The CM is the interface with Aviation Authorities at panel degree for primary TC, foreign enfranchisement / proof activities and for allocated major alterations. Chief Airworthiness Engineer ( CAE ) Responsible for taking and organizing the enfranchisement and airworthiness activities for the programme. Supported by a squad normally called the CAE squad composed of: A Type Certification Manger ( TCM ) An Individual Aircraft Certification Manager ( IACM ) A Continued Airworthiness Manager ( CAM )Type CertificationType enfranchisement is the procedure showing that the design of an aircraft complies with the applicable air power demands. Certification procedure could be a new type certification new aircraft ( ex. Airbus A380 ) , Amended Type enfranchisement theoretical account or derivative ( antique: Airbus A350 – 1000 ) and important major alterations to the type design ( antique. A330-200 Passenger to Freighter ) To allow and EASA Type Certificate, aircraft industry shall obtain foremost a DOA ( Design Organisation Approval ) covering the relevant merchandise ( aircraft type ) and besides shall show its capableness to plan, attest and guarantee the continued airworthiness of its merchandises in conformity with the enfranchisement specification ( CS-25 ) and Environmental protection ( CS-34, CS-36 ) demands. To industry and release to service series aircraft, industry must so obtain a POA ( Production Organisation Approval ) and set up relationship between DOA & A ; POA.Flight TrialFlight proving procedure could be potentially really hazardous and highly expensive due to unanticipated job s consequence in loss of life ( both crew and people on the land ) and harm to the aircraft. Due to this grounds modern flight testing is one of the most safety witting operations. Typically there are two types of flight trial plans, military and commercial. There is a important difference between military and commercial flight proving where commercial trial plans are carried out to attest the aircraft meets all needed safety and public presentation demands where as military plans involved in aircraft industries planing and edifice aircraft to authorities contracts to run into specific mission capablenesss. Initiation of flight trial readyings for both commercial and military aircraft commence good befo re the aircraft is ready to wing, although due to the fact that the authorities is funding the military undertakings, engagement of military flight proving is commence much early-on in the design and proving procedure.Historical Data AnalysisHarmonizing to historical grounds, operational and airframe related hazard of a serious accident causes is about one per million flight hours but failure jobs occurred by aircraft systems jobs is about 10 per centum of this entire sum. Therefore, it is sensible to reason that systems mistakes should non allowed serious accidents and it is therefore possible for a new design to alter the chance of such a serious accident non to be greater than one per ten million flight hours ( 1 x 10-7 ) . But it is non possible to place whether the mark can be met until all the aircraft systems has been numerically jointly analysed. Due to this ground it ‘s assumed that there are about 100 possible failure conditions present randomly which could forestall safe flight and landing of the aircraft. By sharing out every bit the mark allowable hazard ( ten 10-7 ) every bit among these conditions risk allotment consequence in non greater than 1 ten 10-9 to each. Therefore the upper hazard bound for failure conditions would be 1 ten 10-9 for each hr of flight which approximates chance value for the term â€Å" Highly Improbable † .Analytic techniquesAssorted analytical techniques have been developed in line with the above subject to help Airworthiness Authority and the applier to transport out a safety analysis, which could profit systematic qualitative analysis. This technique besides of import for analyst to execute quantitative appraisal when required. The Advisory Material Joint ( AMJ ) identifies both qualitative and quantitative analytical attacks which could used to back up JAA personal or assist applier to find the conformity with the demand. And it besides provides counsel for finding if or when a peculiar analysis to be conducted. The intended demand of the analytical tools is supplement but non to replace operational and technology opinion.Legal IssuesTo hold a basic apprehension of the legal demand is critical for air power professionals such as pilots, mechanics, air traffic accountants and executives. National and international Torahs or ordinances regulate all facets of civil air transit. To guarantee the effectivity of the legal model and enforceability of safety facets, the undermentioned basic groups of ordinances have been developed. Airworthiness Regulations to specify: Applicable processs, and Minimum safety, proficient and public presentation demands to be realised and maintain in the aircraft design. Ex-husband: EASA Part 21 ( aircraft enfranchisement processs ) , Part M and Part 145 ( aircraft care ) & A ; CS-25 ( design codification for big aircraft ) Operational ordinances: to specify the basic regulations air traffic has to follow and the lower limit demands for certain sorts of operations, for the aircraft and the individual or the administration. Ex-husband: EU-OPS1 Commercial Air Transportation After an accident there is two chief probes ( proficient & A ; legal proceedings ) will be conducted. Legal proceedings consist with ; Civil proceedings which involved in civil claims for amendss by victims and/or their relations, Commercial proceedings which involved in claims for amendss by client and/or its insurance company ( Aircraft fix / loss, Reduction in aircraft residuary value, Loss of gross ) and eventually Criminal prosecution, in instance of decease / serious hurt, in certain legal powers ( ex: France, Germany ) .Continued AirworthinessHarmonizing to ICAO Doc No 9760-2001 continued Airworthiness defined as ‘The procedures that guarantee, at any clip in its life, an aircraft complies with the proficient conditions fixed to the issue of the Certificate of Airworthiness and is in a status for safe operation. ‘ And recommends ‘Contracting provinces are required to hold a system that ensures aircraft are in a status for safe operation. ‘ F. Florio ( 2006 ) stated that safety is the most of import thing which has to be guaranting every clip in every flight operations and all the aeroplanes must be in an air worthy province which is suited for fly. In other words all the aircrafts must accomplish and execute all the processs in the Airworthiness Directive manuals. Furthermore, Florio ( 2006 ) besides mentioned that continued airworthiness can be rely on two factors Administration operators CareCareCare can be explained as changes, reviews, replacings of parts of the aircraft. This can be done by taking a record entry for each event such as replacing of LRUs ( Line replacement units ) . Harmonizing to Florio ( 2006 ) , Maintenance refers to as ‘preventive care, changes and fixs and debut of airworthiness directive ‘ and besides he stated that airworthiness is rely on the care programmes, which besides set up the replacing of clip alteration points, the inspection and repair engines, propellors and assorted parts of contraptions. Florio mentioned that as the portion of the merchandise type enfranchisements of aircraft airworthiness governments requires instructions for continued airworthiness therefore these instructions can be identified as the cardinal tools of the care because they are the basic care programmes. These care programmes must provide the demands of operational and care criterions. Harmonizing to EASA Maintenance programme ; Every aircraft shall be maintained in conformity with the care programmes approved by the competent authorization, which shall be sporadically reviewed and amended consequently. The care programme and any subsequent amendments shall be approved by the competent authorization The care programmes must set up conformity with ; Instruction manuals for go oning airworthiness issued by the type certification and the auxiliary type certification holder Instruction manuals issued by the complement authorization Instruction manuals issued by the proprietor or the operator and approved by the competent authorization.RepairsRepair procedure involves different administrations where, when the merchandises are non with aircraft industry, go oning airworthiness is governed by the province of register or the duties are spread out in administrations. Part 21A subpart M states the fix procedural demands for enfranchisement. Under Part 21 subpart Meter: Elimination of harm ( 21A.431 B ) Unrepaired amendss ( 21A.445 a ) Out of Part 21 subpart M Replacement without design activity ( 21A.431c ) Repairs design from an approved manual ( GM 21A.431 a ) Following diagrams illustrates the Airbus mending procedure.Figure 04: Airbus Repairing ProcedureThe Structure Repair Manual ( SRM ) describes general fix patterns, stuffs and typical fixs, allowed amendss, which are considered applicable to standard fixs. It ‘s approved by aircraft industry under DOR privilege.AlterationsChanges made to a peculiar aircraft after the issue of the airworthiness certification is a alteration. This could include alterations to the constructions, systems, powerplants, propellors etc†¦ Furthermore, permutation of one type for another besides considered as a alteration. Any alteration requires blessing from the Civil Aviation Authority straight or via an sanctioned administration. During a design alteration, inside informations of the alteration must be given to the authorization at early phase where so the alteration is classified as child or major medicine harmonizing to the nature of the probe. If the result of an probe requires amendments to the Certificate of Airworthiness or Flight Manual, authorization may necessitate following major alteration processs.Incidents and AccidentsFlight safety experts believe that series of events leads to incidents and accidents.Accidents – During the operation of an aircraft, consequence in happening associated with a individual being fatally or earnestly injured from the clip any individual boards to the aircraft with purpose of flight until the clip all individuals disembarked. Incidents – Other than accidents incidents besides occurrences which relate to the operation of the aircraft or could impact the safety of its operation.Aging AircraftCivil Aviation authorization has defined Aging aircrafts as ‘An operational aircraft nearing the terminal of its design life premises ‘ ( Alder P. 2005 ) . Aging aircraft can besides be called as an older aircraft every bit good. Since the aircraft are industry to supply long permanent services for so many old ages, all the aircraft must be in an airworthy province and have to be safe to wing. Thus care programmes must be carried out to keep the aircraft and besides aircraft must be operated harmonizing to the makers ‘ recommendation. Florio F. ( 2006 ) stated that, older aircraft require extra attention and the care programmes must be carried out in a more specific manner than the late manufactured aircraft. And besides he stated that due to the weariness, inadvertent harm and besides due to the environmental impairment more review in the constituents of the construction must necessitate in care programmes. So to keep airworthiness in older aircrafts makers of the flight has to supply operators with the specific plans. In older aircrafts usually each of the airplane constituents have to undergo some of the fixs, inspection and repairs, review care, preventative care and some replacings of constituents of the aircraft. Care records have to be update on a regular basis by the operator. Florio F. ( 2006 ) states that between operator of the aircraft, maker and besides the authorization there should be an unfastened communicating system. Furthermore he states that one time a job occur the operator or the proprietor of the aircraft must inform it to the maker and so maker has to fix the recommendations and has to update the appropriate programmes of continued air worthiness. After scrutiny of those care programmes the governments will O.K. those.Role of the RegulatorAirworthiness programmes consist of three chief functions. Regulator Implementer Research worker Civil Aviation Authority ( CAA ) , European Aviation Safety Agency ( EASA ) and Federal Aviation Regulations ( FAR ) are illustrations for the ordinance governments. These governments generate and distribute the ordinances for aircraft operations for air power industry. Civil Aviation Authority is the UKs independent specializer regulator. Their chief duty is to supply universe taking air safety environment in the air power industry. Aircraft licensing, care of specific airworthiness direction systems and economic ordinances, consumer protection, policies for air space and puting up national safety criterions can be taken as cardinal function of CAA. Regulators involved in few or many functions as follows: Puting up the civil air power criterions and guarantee they are achieved. Regulates and encourages air hoses, airdromes and national air traffic services economic activities etc†¦ Manages the chief travel protection strategy. Ensure the air space is a common topographic point for all users by conveying civil and military involvements together. Rede the authorities on air power issues. Represents consumer involvements Conduct scientific and economic research. Provide specializer services by bring forthing statistical informations.Conclusion & A ; RecommendationAircraft airworthiness means conformity with applicable air power governments ordinances that defines the minimal safety degree of the aircraft, of the riders transported and the over flown districts and when designed and built harmonizing to applicable demands, when operated within its ‘ intended environment and within its ‘ quantified and declared restrictions and maintained in conformity with processs acceptable to the responsible Authority. Therefore, The Airworthiness is a corporate duty of operators, governments, industries and care administrations.